S7 



skull, which are independent of the clianges consequent on the se- 

 cond dentition, we find an exact correspondence betvveen the Simia 

 iSa^z/rMs, or young animal, and i\\e P ongo, or adult. Tliecrawiaequally 

 exliibit the absence of the projecting supraciliary ridges ; the presence 

 of the double anterior condyloid foramina ; the numerous infra- 

 orbitary f oramina, and those in the malar bone ; the šame disposi- 

 tion of the cranial suturės ; the šame form of the os naši ; and con- 

 traction of the inter-orbital space. The character of the lovver jaw 

 by which it differs from the Chimpanzee, viz. the greater height and 

 breadth of the rami, and the greater depth of the symphysis, are 

 eąually manifested in the young as in the old Simia Satyrus. In 

 follovving out the šame observations with regard to the germs of the 

 permanent teeth in the young Orang, the šame satisfactory results 

 are obtained in reference to their identity with those which are fuUy 

 developed in the old animals, as were previously detailed in the ac- 

 count of the Chimjmnzee." 



Mr, Ovven then proceeds to describe in detail the appearances 

 presented by the germs of the permanent teeth, and to compare them 

 with the adult; and concludes this part of his subject by some ob- 

 servations on the apparent confusion in which these germs lie hid- 

 den vvithin the jaw, and on the admirable and orderly arrangement 

 by which the most perfect regularity is established in their ultimate 

 position. Applying these observations to the replacement of the 

 teeth in man, he inquires, how it happens that vvhen the chances of 

 disarrangement are so much fewer, the mal-position of the perma- 

 nent teeth is of so frequent occurrence, and finds the solution of 

 this problem in a mischievous interference with the agents to which 

 the necessary changes have been entrusted. "The means by vvhich 

 the grovpth of the permanent teeth are kept in due restraint are too 

 often prematurely removed by anticipating the natūrai period of the 

 extraction of the temporary teeth ; the act of extraction accelerates 

 the grovvth of the concealed teeth, both by the removal of the check 

 vvhich nature has imposed upon it, and by the irritation induced in 

 the surrounding parts ; and their fuU development being consequent- 

 ly acquired before the jaws have been sufficiently enlarged, they 

 occupy more or less of the relative position which they had when 

 half formed vvithin their bony cavities." 



The conditions of the superior development of the spinous pro- 

 cesses of the cervical vertebrce in the Orang, are obviously the back- 

 ward position of the occipital _/oramen, the disproportionate develop- 

 ment of the face, and the general anterior inclination of the vertebrce 

 themselves. Those of the sixth and seventh vertebrce have a slight 

 inclination towards the head, indicating that the centre of motion in 

 this region is nearer the head tiian in Man. The whole of the cer- 

 vical region is proportionally shorter, and consequently better adapted 

 to support the head ; and the entire vertebral column has one gene- 

 ral curve dorsad from the atlas to the commencement of the sacrum, 

 where there is a slight curve in the contrary direction. As in Man, 

 the number of the dorsal or costal vertcbru- is twelve, and tliis con- 

 stitutes one of the more important differences betvveen the Orang 



