SS 



and tlie Chimpanzee. That of the lumbar vertehrce is four, as in the 

 Chivijmnzee, in the skeleton of the Pongo preserved in the Museum 

 of Comparative Anatomy at the Garden of Plants, and in the trunk 

 of the skeleton of the adult Orang in the collection of the Society ; 

 in which latter, as the bones remain connected by their natūrai liga- 

 ments, there is no room for supposing a vertehra to have been acci- 

 dentally lošt. The additional lumbar vertehra in the skeleton of the 

 Pongo in the CoUege of Surgeons, on which some stress has been 

 laid, as indicative of its specific diflference from the young Orang, 

 which has uniformly presented but four, indicates its abnormal cha- 

 racter by its form and situation. The human subject occasionally 

 presents a similar Imus in the addition of a sixth lumbar vertehra. 

 The spines of these vertehrce are much shorter than in the Chivi- 

 panzee: as in the latter, the sacrum is longer, narrovver and straighter 

 than that of Man. Five sacral vertehrce are perforated for the 

 passage of the spinal cord ; three are imperforated, and are conse- 

 quently coccygeal : the latter are anchylosed together, but not vvith 

 the sacrum, in the adult. 



The ilia are as much expanded as in the Chimpanzee, but flatter ; 

 and the isckia are less extended outwards, corresponding \vith the 

 smaller development of the lower extremities. Both the ischia and 

 ossa pubis resemblethose of the Chimpanzee, in their more elongated 

 form ; and the whole pelvis eąually deviates from the Bimanous type 

 in itsposition vvith regard to the trunk. The form of its superior aper- 

 ture is an almost perfect oval, the antero-posterior diameter of which 

 is to the transverse as three to two ; and the axis of the brim forms, 

 with that of the outlet, a much more open angle than in the human 

 subject. The chest is amply developed, eąualling in size that of 

 the human subject, except in being somevvhat narrower from side to 

 side. The ribs are narrovver and less flattened, but their curvature 

 is nearly the šame as in Man ; the tvvelfth is much longer, and has 

 a long cartilage at its free extremity. The sternum is short, but 

 broader than in the Chimpanzee: it is composed, below the manu- 

 brium, of a double series of small bones, seven or eight in number. 

 This composition, always seen in the young Orang, is sufficiently 

 obvious in the adult Pongo in the Museum of the Coilege of Sur- 

 geons, but much less so in that of the Garden of Plants at Paris. 

 In the young Chimpanzee the sternum is composed of a single series 

 of bones; vvhile in the human subject, although at an early period 

 of ossification, a single series only of ossific centres appears : at a 

 later stage the lovver part of the sternum is frequently seen to be 

 composed of a double series. 



The clavicles are almost straight ; and the scapula also differs from 

 that of the Chimpanzee in its greater breadth, and from that of Man 

 in the inclination of its spine towards the superior costa, in the acro- 

 tnion being narrovv and claviform, and in the absence of the flattened 

 and over-hanging margin of the spine. Other diflferences exist in 

 the comparative dimensions and features of the supra- and sub- 

 spinal /oASte, in the inclination of the coracoid process, and in the 

 direction of the glenoid cavity. But the principai feature in the 



