organization of the Orang, and tliat in which it differs most from 

 the Chimpanzee, consists in the relative lengtli of the upper and 

 lovver extrernities, the arms in the former reaching to the heel. The 

 articular surface of the head of the humerus forms a complete hemi- 

 sphere ; and in some specimens that bone is perforated betvveen the 

 condyles. The principai peculiarities in the fore-arm consist in the 

 large space betvveen the radius and ulna, occasioned by the outvvard 

 curve of the former, and in the absence of tiie acute margin on its 

 iilnar aspect. The proportion borne by the radius to the ulna is in 

 Man as 11 to 12; in the Orang as 56 to 37. The bones of the 

 hand offer the šame elongated form, with the exception of those of 

 the thumb, which does not reach to the end of the nietacarpal bone 

 of the forę-finger. Those of the carpus have their ossification com- 

 pleted at a later period than in Man, and allovv a freer motion upon 

 each other : the os pisiforme is divided into two. Of the fingers, 

 the proximal phalanges are more curved than in Man, and the dis- 

 tal more pointed, not expanding to afFord support for an exte)ided 

 surface of delicate touch. 



As the upper extreraityof the Oraj^g exceeds inlength that ofthe 

 Chimpanzee, so the lovver differs as much in the contrary respect; 

 preserving throughout life much less than the foetal proportions of 

 the human subject. The femur has a straight shaft, no depression 

 on the head, a shorter neck forming a more obtuse angle vvith the 

 shaft, and no linea aspera posteriorly. The inner condyle not being 

 produced beyond the outer, the axis of the femur is in the šame line 

 with that of the tibia, as in the Chimpanzee. The invvard curve of 

 the tibia occasions a much larger space betvveen it and the Jibula 

 than in Man or in the Chimpanzee. The pateliu is smaller in pro- 

 ■ portion than in Man, of an oval shape, and vvith a single articulating 

 surface. The bones of the iarsus are numerically the šame vvith 

 those ofthe Chimpanzee, and have the šame general form, but ad- 

 mit of freer motion on each other. A greater degree of obliquity 

 in the articulating surface of ihe astragalus causes the vvhole foot to 

 beturnedmore invvards ; and the o«ca7c« has still less projection back- 

 vvards than the Chimpanzee. The internal cuneiform bone recedes 

 most from the human type in having a greater development tovvards 

 the tibial aspect, and in liaving the surface of articulation for the 

 hallux belovv the range of the other metatarsal bones, all of vvhich 

 are much longer and more bent and have greater interspaces than 

 the human. That of the hallux extends very little beyond the mid- 

 dle of that of the second toe, and stands ofF from it at an acute angle. 

 The peculiarity ofthe structure ofthe hallux first noticed by Camper, 

 m seven out of eight Orangs observed by him, viz. its possessing 

 no ungueal phalanx and consequently no nail, loses much of its ini- 

 portance as a specific character from the fact that the individual 

 dissected at the Society's Museum a fevv years since had very per- 

 fect, but small, black nails, and tvvo phalanges, and that the šame 

 number oi phalanges exist in the natūrai skeleton of Lord Amhcrst's 

 Orang in the Museum ofthe CoUege of Surgeons. The jihalanges 

 of the other toes are remarkably elongated, and those of the first 



