9i 



from the paunch to below the brim of the pelvis : on raising it a fold 

 of the colon appeared immediately below the paunch towards the left 

 side ; below this were severaI convolutions of the small intestines ; 

 the obtuse blind end of the ceecuni made its appearance in the left 

 hjrpogastric region, and below there ■was another portion of the 

 great colon. 



In the malė the abdominal viscera presented nearly the šame ap- 

 pearances ; on raising the paunch the spirai coils of the colon (cha- 

 racteristic of the Ruminants) came into view, together \vith the ręst 

 of the jejunum and ilium, upon the removal of which the third and 

 fourth stomachs, and the small liver wholly confined to the right of 

 the mesial plane, were exposed. 



The spleen, as usual in the Ruminantia, had its concave surface 

 applied to the left side of the first stomach or rumen. 



The pancreas extended transversely behind the stomach within 

 the posterior duplicature of the omentum from the spleen to the 

 duodenum. 



The kidneys occupied the usual position in the loins, the right 

 one a little more advanced than the left ; their figure was rounded 

 and compact, as in the Deer and Antelopes, and they \vere not ex- 

 ternally lobated as in the Ox. 



The cells of the reticulum, asintheReindeer, were extremely shallow, 

 their boundaries appearing only as raised lines ; but there was the šame 

 form and grouping of the cells as obtains throughout the Ruminants 

 generally, the arrangement being that by -vv'hich the greatest number 

 are included in the least possible space. 



The folds of the psalterium resembled those of most other Rumi- 

 nants, each two narrow folds having alternately placed between 

 them one of great and one of moderate breadth. 



In the fourth stomach the rug(B of the digestive membrane were 

 slightly developed, and chiefly longitudinal ; the pyloms was pro- 

 tected by a valvular protuberance placed above it just within the 

 stomach. 



Theduodenum, vfhich viss dilated at the commencement, receivedthe 

 bUiar}'^ and pancreatic secretions about ten inches from the pyloms. 



The small intestines \vere rather tightly bound to the spine in 

 short coils by a narrow mesentery ; their diameter was about four 

 inches. 



The ilium ceases to be convolute towards its termination, ascend- 

 ing in a stiaight course, and entering the cacum near the root of the 

 mesentery. 



The cacurn was a simple cylindrical gut, as in other Ruminants ; 

 its circumference about six inches. 



The disposition of the colon resembled that of the Deer ; it ex- 

 tended about eight feet before the spirai turns commenced, there it 

 narrowed, and the separation of the fceces into pellets began at this 

 point. The coUs \vere not in exactly the šame plane, but formed a 

 depressed eone, ^\ith its concavity next to the mesenterj% on the left 

 of which the coils were disposed. There were four complete gyra- 

 tions in one direction, having the šame number of reverse coils io 



