186 



of Europe, and although far inferior in beauty and variety to those 

 of ihe Asiatic Islands, have yet a marked character, owing to the ad- 

 mixture of tropical forms and especially to the great development 

 of the operculated genera (Cyclosfomidce), which are almost unknown 

 m our quarter of the world * . 



It was, therefore, a matter of considerable interest to ascertain 

 what land and freshwater shells occur in the remote regions of Kash- 

 mir and Tibet, and somewhat surprising to find, that of about 22 

 sorts coUected by Dr. Thomson, one-half were British species, and 

 the ręst of the commoaest and most widely diffused Indian forms. 



The species marked * are European. 

 *Helix pulchella, small var., subfossil. Iskardo, Tibet (Europe, 

 N. America). 



* costata, large var., recent. Iskardo, 7200 feet. 



*HeliceUa nitida. Near Iskardo (Europe, N. America). 



Bulimus candelaris, Pfr. Takht i Suliman, Kashmir. 



segregatus, small var. Kashmir. 



*Zua lubrica (subfossil). Iskardo (Europe, N. America). 



Pupa Huttoniana, Benson. Iskardo (also subfossil). 

 *Succinea Pfeifferi, var. (longiscata, Morillet ?). Kashmir. 

 *Limn(Ba stagnalis. Kashmir (Europe ; N. America, Oregon). 

 * peregra. Pitak, Tibet ; Kashmir. 



, var. Hookeri. Iskardo and Nubra, Tibet (18,000 feet). 



* auricularia. Iskardo; Thogji Lake («i<J/o««27). 



, sp. Kashmir (resembling the Australian L. simulatd). 



* truncatula, Miill. Iskardo, in damp mOss (also found at Can- 



dahar, Aifghanistan ; at Madeira, and in the U. States). 



luteola, Lam. {succinea, Dh.). Islamabad, Kashmir (also 



Prome, Burmah). 



acuminata, Lam. Jamu hills. 



Planorbis Coromandelicus, Fabr. Jamu hills ; Islamabad, Kashmir 

 (also Ceylon and Malacca). 



nanus, Benson ; subfossil. Tsoral Lake, Tibet (Capt. H. 



Strachey) . 



, sp. Pitak and Iskardo ; Tertse, Nubra, in lacustrine clay. 



Paludina Bengalensis, var. Jamu hills, Kashmir. 

 *Valvata piscinalis (subfossil). Kashmir ; Tsoral Lake, Tibet. 

 *Cyrena fluminalis, Miill. f (Cashmiriensis, Dh.). Avantipura, 

 Kashmir. 

 Cyclas (Pisidium), sp., subfossil. Thogji Lake, Tibet. 



These specimens have been submitted to the esamination of Mr. 

 W. H. Benson, who is misurpassed in his critical acąuaintance with 

 Indian shells, and especially those of the Western Himalaya. 



* Mr. Benson States that Helic Bactriana (Hutton), found iu Affghanistan, is 

 closely allied to the European H. strigella. 



t Varieties of this shell are found in Sicily, Palestina, the Nile, and aU the 

 rivers of the East. These varieties have been regarded as constituting about 

 twenty distinct species ; e. g. C. Euphratica, Bronn ; ambigria, Dh. ; Cor, Lam. ; 

 consobrina, Caill. ; trianyularis, Dh. ; Panormitana, Bivon, &c. When fossil, 

 it is the C. tru/onula, Searles Wood j C. Gemmellarii, Phi. 



