34. 



Crax Aledor, L. ; vvhile in external characters the bird approaches 

 the Crax globicera, L., from vvliich it is distinguished by the redness 

 of its cere and by a prominence on each side under the base of the 

 lower jaw, in addition to the globose knob near the base of the 

 upper. The tube in the Crax Yarrellii is straiglit throughout its 

 whole length, except a short convolution imbedded in cellular 

 membrane placed bet\veen the shafts o( the os Jiircatoriutn. The 

 trachea is narrovv, and the fold, invested and siipported by a mem- 

 branous sheath, gives ofF one pair of museles, which are in- 

 serted externally below the apex of the osjiircatorium. The Iower 

 portion of the tube, immediately above the bone of divarication, 

 sends off a pair of museles to be inserted upon the sternum. The 

 upper pair of museles (furculo-tracheal) influence the length of the 

 tube above the convolution. The inferior pair (sterno-tracheal) 

 have the šame power over the bronchial tubes and that portion of 

 the trachea which is belovv the convolution. 



Severai specimens were laid on the tableof a Clupea taken in the 

 mouth of the Thames, vvhich Mr. Yarrell regarded as distinct from 

 the commonHerring of our coasts, the Clupea Marengus, Linn. He 

 dedicated it to Dr. Leach, who, he was informed,. has often stated 

 that the British coast possessed a second species of Herring, The 

 Clupea Leachii is much deeper in proportion than the commoyi Her- 

 ring, an adult fish 8 inches long being 1 inch iths deep, vvhile a com- 

 mon Herring of the šame depth measures 104^ inches in length. The 

 dorsal and abdominal lines of the nevv species are much more con- 

 vex; the latter is keeled, but has no serration. The under jaw has 

 three or four prominent teeth placed just vvithin the angle formed 

 by the symphysis : the upper maxillce have their edges slightly cre- 

 nated. The eye is large. The scales are smaller than in the other 

 species, and there is no distinct lateral line. The back and sides 

 are deep blue with green reflections, passing info silvery white be- 

 neath. The dorsal fin is placed behind the centre ofgravity; but 

 not so far behind it as in the conimon Herring. The number of the 

 fin-rays and of the vertebrce dift'er in the two species as follows : 



D. P. V. A. C. Verlebra:. 



Clup. Marengus 17 . . 14 . . 9 . . 14 . . 20 56 



Clup. Leachii IŠ . . 17 . . 9 . . 16 . . 20 .... 54 



The nevv species difFers also from the common Herring in flavour, 

 being much more mild. It isnow full of roe, while the adult com- 

 mon Herrings ceased spavvning in November, and having retired 

 subseąuently to the deep vvaters are not at present to be met with 

 on the Southern coast. Mr. Yarrell added, that there vvas reason to 

 believe that a third species of Herring, of a larger size than either of 

 the others, occurred sometimes on our eastern coast. He also men- 

 tioned that he had obtained lašt summer from the Thames, the 

 two Shads regarded by M. Cuvier as the Clupea Alosa, Linn., and 

 the Clupea fallax, LaC^p. 



Mr. Yarrell stated that he had received a Ictter from Mr. Dili- 



