70 



mediately after the division each tendon gives origin to a lumbri' 

 calis musele, which terminates iii a thin aponeurosis attached along 

 the tibial side of the proxiraal phalanges of the third and fourth toes. 



The Jlexor longus digitorum pedis arises as in tlie human subject, 

 but continues fleshy tiJl it has passed under the abductor pollicis ; 

 it then gives origin to a lumbricatis musele, and divides into three 

 tendons. The lumbricalis terminates in the middle tendon of the 

 three. The innermost or first tendon goes to the distal phalanx of 

 the second toe; it also gives rise to Si lumbricalis, whieh is inserted 

 Jnto the tibial side of the proximal phalanx of the šame toe. The 

 second tendon, after receiving the insertion of the lumbricalis before 

 mentioned, goes to form the perforated tendon of the fourth toe. 

 The third or outer tendon is inserted into the distal phalanx of the 

 fifth toe, and also gives origin to a lumbricalis, which terminates in 

 the tibial side of the proximal /)/ia/awx of the šame toe. 



TheJlexor brevis digitorum pedis arises frora the posterior part of 

 the os calcis, its fibres passing transversely over the insertion of the 

 tendo Achillis. At about tvvo inches from its origin it gives ofFasmall 

 tendon, which is inserted into the second phala)ix of the second toe. 

 It then continues fleshy for an inch further, and terminates in the 

 perforated tendon of the third toe. 



Thus all the toes from the second outvvards, have aJlexor tendon 

 inserted into the distal phalanx : they have also a lumbricalis tendon 

 attached to the proximal phalanx, and the second, third, and fourth 

 have tendons inserted into the m\AA\e j>halanx. As each perforating 

 tendon gives origin to the lumbricalis musele of its respeetive fin- 

 ger, these not only assist in the flexion, but act as guys on the 

 tendons, from wluch they originale, preventing them from starting 

 from the long concavity of the sole over vvhich they travel : they 

 also afiPord a variety of independent motions to the fingers. The 

 tibialis posticus has the usual origin; its tendon passes along a dis- 

 tinct sheath close by the internal malleolus ; it is inserted into the os 

 cuneiforme internum. The tendon has no sesamoid bone where it 

 passes over tiie astragalus. In the Chimpanzee it is inserted into the 

 os naviculare. 



The museles in front of the leg are covered with a strong yascia, 

 into which the tendons of the semitendinosus and biceps are inserted; 

 it affords origins for the museles situated beneath it, and becomes 

 very strong at the ankie, binding down and forming sheaths for 

 the several tendons. The tibialis anticus arises from the anterior 

 inner and posterior aspects of the tibia, embraeing it, as it vvere, and 

 giving the appearance of a rickety convexity to the leg ; it passes 

 over the malleolus internus posterior to the centre of motion, and is 

 consequenlly an extensor of the foot; it also turns the sole invvards. 

 In close connection with this arises another musele, not fbund in 

 man ; it becomes tendinous about three-fourths dovvn the leg, and 

 is inserted into the base of the nietatarsal bone of the thumb, vvhich 

 it extends : this musele is found in the Chimpanzee, and also, ac- 

 cording to M. Cuvier, in the inferior Simice. The extensor longus 

 pollicis makes its appearance as usual between the tibialis atiticus and 



