71 



extensor longus digitorum ; it is inserted into the base of the phalant : 

 (the female specimen that was dissected had only one phalanz to the 

 hinder thumb), The digitorum tensor longus has the usual origin, 

 continues fleshy to the ankle-joint, there divides into three tendons, 

 which diverge at the middle of the foot, and are attached to the 

 third, fourth and fifth toes; each tendon expanding into a sheath 

 over the back part of the phalavges. 



The extenso7- brevis digitorum pedis arises from the os calcis, and 

 divides into three portions ; the strongest of vvhich gives two ten- 

 dons to the second toe, one being inserted at the base of the proximal 

 phalanx, the other expanding over the second and distal phalanges 

 likę the tendons of the extensnr longus. The remaining portions go 

 to the fibular aspect of the third and fourth toes. 



The peroneus longus and brevis arise together from the outer, fore, 

 and back part of the Jibula ; on the latter aspect thej' are in con- 

 nection with the Jlexor longus poUicis. The tendon of the peroneus 

 brevis is inserted into the base of the raetatarsal bone of the little 

 toe. The tendon of the pey-oneus longus passes under the cuboid 

 bone, without the interposition of a sesanioid bone, crosses the foot, 

 and is implanted into the metatarsal bone of the thumb of the 

 hinder hand, of vvhich, as far as the structure of the articulation 

 wiil permit, it \s2Ljlexor. There is x\o peroneus tertius. 



The thumb is very short, consisting, in the female at least, 

 of only two bones, set on at right angles to the foot, and at a 

 great distance from the toes. In this part, hovvever, the povver of 

 a considerable rauscular apparatus is concentrated. Receiving no 

 tendon from the Jlexor longus pollicis, it is rendered more inde- 

 pendent in its actions; not being necessarily flexed, except in the 

 action vvhich turns down that side of the foot to vvhich it is attached, 

 and by vvhich it is brought closer to the object to be seized. On 

 the sole of the foot vve find an abductor and an adductor pollicis, both 

 pov^'erful museles inserted at very open angles into the phalanx ; 

 vvhich, vvhen they cooperate in their contraction, they mušt dravv 

 dovvn in the diagonal vvith great force. Betvveen these are situated 

 two more direct Jlexors, constituting vvhat is usually termed the 

 Jleior brevis pollicis. 



The space betvveen these museles, vvhich in man and the Chim- 

 panzee is filled by the tendon of the jlexor longus pollicis, in the 

 Orang TJtan is occupied by a small peculiar musele vvhich arises 

 from the metatarsal bone, and is inserted into the phalanx. In a 

 young malė Orang that had tvvo phalanges the flexor brevis vvas 

 inserted partly into the second phalanx. The extensor brevis pol- 

 licis arises from the os navicidare and os calcis, and is inserted into 

 the base of the proximal phalanx, vvhen there are tvvo. 



On the dorsum of the foot may also be observed interossei ex- 

 temi of a penniform shape ; they are attached to the fibular aspect 

 of the ^xo\\md\ phalanges of the toes. There vvas also an adductor 

 minimi digiti, and interossei interni, but not any trace of transver- 

 salis pedis. 



Mr. Ovven concluded his observations vvith sorae remarks on the 



