82 



species, but only some individuals of the two genera Papio and Cer- 

 copithecus, I have found, as before remarked, that -n-here two or three 

 individuals are kept in each cage the arrangement of sleeping-boxes 

 is not reąuired. 



" 2. Mode of heating. — For two years during the winter months, 

 from November to the beginnmg of April, I employed an Olmsted 

 stove, which was kept constantly buming ; since that time I have 

 used, -with much more convenience and greater economy, an Arnott 

 stove. I have not observed any unpleasant or injurious effects to 

 arise from this mode of warming, in conseąuence I believe of the free 

 ventilation through the roof. Freąuently during the winter nights 

 the thermometer has sunk to the freezing-point. Of one thing I am 

 convinced, namely, that a constant temperature is not only not bene- 

 ficial, but is highly injurious to animal life. If w'e search through 

 nature we do not find on any spot of the globė a uniform tempera- 

 ture, and in many regions \vhere monkeys abound the extremes of 

 heat and cold are very considerable. We are led then to the con- 

 clusion, from H-priori reasoning as well as from practical experience, 

 that a condition of uniform temperature, as has been supposed by 

 some persons, is not the condition adapted to promote the health of 

 monkeys. The object in the construction of a menagerie for mon- 

 keys should be to enable these animals as much as possible to keep 

 themselves warm, in precisely the šame way as they do in nature ; 

 and this may in great measure be effected by adopting the arrange- 

 ment of sleeping-boxes, in the manner previously described. During 

 the winter nights I have not found it necessary to maintain the tem- 

 perature higher than 45° or 50° Fahr., and, during the day, than 56° 

 or 60°. 



"3. Food. — I have alv?ays given as much variety as I could obtain 

 in the season ; I allow them daily bread and milk, potatoes roasted 

 and occasionally raw, onions roasted as vvell as raw, lettuce, carrots, 

 and any scraps of food which the house may fumish. In order to 

 amuse their minds, if I may be allowed the expression, I direct rice 

 or -vvheat to be thrown down amongst the sawdust ; by this means 

 they amuse themselves in picking up the grains. Great care is 

 always to be taken that the feeble animals obtain their proper pro- 

 portion of food : as is well knowTi to those accustomed to the ma- 

 nagement of monkeys, the strong t3Tannise greatly over the -vveak, 

 and appropriate an undue measure of food to themselves. Keepers 

 then should be particularly careful in ensuring to the M-eak monkeys 

 their proper allowance ; I have occasionally known some to become 

 much emaciated in conseąuence of the tyranny exerted over them. 

 I may remark conceming the Marmozet (HapaleJacchus), that spiders 

 appear to be beneficial ; the animal eats them vi^ith great avidity. 



" 4. Exercise and amusement. — It is desirable as much as possible 

 to induce the monkey to take exercise which is amusing to himself ; 

 various expedients may be suggested in the case of different species. 

 Small trees -^-hich turn vertically are ■svell adapted to many of the 

 Cebus tribe. I am satisfied that amusement is an element of essen- 

 tial importance in the successful treatment of monkeys. We shall 



