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notice here, before we commence the particular description, is a de- 

 gree of general breadth in the face superior to that which is seen in 

 the European generally, ■u'hich gives to the whole an appearance of 

 sąuareness when the lower ja\v is attached, and causes the actual 

 shortness of the face, uhich is remarkable in these škulis, to become 

 still more apparent. The general resemblance between the Finnish 

 škulis and those of the Lappes is as strong as between four average 

 European crania, even belonging to the sarae nation, and altogether 

 their contour decidedly approaches what Blumenbach calls the Mon- 

 golian form of skull, the head appearing, as it has been noticed by 

 an ocular observer, ' of the shape of a pent-house.' 



" It will be found, ho\vever, that it is more especially in a close 

 and minute examination that difFerences are seen to exist between 

 the Lappes and Finns, on the one hand, and the European škulis on 

 the other. 



" Viewed from above and behind, there is a slight difference obser- 

 vable between the Finu and the Lappe : the posterior part of the Lajjpe 

 is larger than the anterior, \vhile the form of the Finn is more regu- 

 lar and rounded ; that is, the line betvveen the parietal protuberances 

 exceeds the transverse diameter of the forehead more in the Lappe 

 than in the Finn. I find, however, that there is equal difference 

 in this respect bet\veen t\vo European škulis even of the šame nation. 

 Again, from the šame point of view the škulis of the Lappes present 

 a centrai eminence or ridge, upon looking at the outline of the fore- 

 head (being the line of junction of the two halves of the frontai bone), 

 \vhich is much less marked, in fact scarcely discemible in the Finn, 

 and altogether absent in the European, being on the contrary very 

 strikingly prominent in the Esquimaux. Examined anteriorly, how- 

 ever, a general view of these škulis gives us exactly opposite results ; 

 for the sagittal suture, \vhich is now the median line, and the con- 

 tinuation backwards of the frontai suture of early life, upon looking 

 at the outline or horizon of the skull, is seen to project decidedly 

 more in the Finn than in the Lappe ; in both more than in other 

 Europeans. Hence we may fairly lay down, that the škulis of the 

 Finns and Lappes have (as far only as the vault of the cranium, ex- 

 clusive of any effect produced by the \vidth of the face, allows us to 

 conclude,) more tendency to the pyraraidal form than the European, 

 but less than the Esquimaux. 



" Examining these skuUs anteriorly, taking into consideration the 

 face, the triangular form is very evident, partly in conseąuence of 

 the fact above mentioned respecting the vault of the cranium, and 

 partly in conseąuence of the great ^vidth between the external sur- 

 faces of the malar bones, \vhich in actual measurement in the two 

 Lappes and the two Finns exceeds the length of the šame diameter 

 in other Europeans by atleast half an inch, and in one case by nearly 

 an inch, being equal to the šame diameter in the Esquimaux ; in the 

 latter, however, which exhibits the pyramidal shape in a remarkable 

 degree, the form is owing as much to the shape of the forehead as 

 to the lateral projection of the anterior roots of the zygoraatic pro- 

 cesses. This \vidth across the face is, as has been correctly observed 



