132 



by Dr. Hueck, not o\ving to the increased breadth or altered shape 

 in the malar bone, so much as to the altered width and direction of 

 the malar process of the superior maxillary bone. 



"The outline of the extemal surface of this bone, viewed from a 

 jjoint exactly in front of the skull ; that is to say, the line which 

 runs from the furthest molar tooth that is visible irom this point to 

 the suture connecting the malar and superior maxillar)^ bones, is, in 

 the generality of European crania, either vertical, or sometimes even 

 inclined inwards and upwards in the first part of its course, after- 

 wards tuming outwards to form the commencement of the zygoma. 

 In the Esquimaux this line runs obliąuely upwards and outwards, at 

 an angle of 45° from its commencement ; and in the škulis of the 

 Finns and Lappes it is intermediate to the two directions, being 

 however still inclined outwards. This obliquity is also decidedly 

 more marked in the Finns than in the Lappes. 



" Upon this the anterior vie\v, more of the lateral aspect of the 

 lovver JH%v is seen than is ordinarily observed, in conseąuence partly 

 of the greater distance bet\veen the condyles, which will be again 

 noticed in the examination of the base of the skull, and partly from 

 the fact that the angles project more in a lateral direction, the entire 

 bone being apparently more developed than in other Europeans. 



" With respect to some more minute points regarding these škulis, 

 the superciliary ridges are well-marked, the ossa naši, and the ascend- 

 ing processes of the superior maxillary bones present a flatter and 

 broader anterior surface than the European, and the cavities and fora- 

 mina are ^vell-marked. [In all these four škulis the supraorbital 

 opening for the frontai nene and artery is a complete foramen upon 

 the left side, and merely a notch upon the right.] 



" In conseąuence of the greater ■\vidth of the superior maxillary 

 bone, the shape of the circumference of the orbit is not so round as in 

 the generahty of European škulis, where the external inferior angle 

 is the lowest, but it is sąuare, with the angles rounded ; and for the 

 šame reason the space for the antrum is increased, while the depth 

 of the infraorbital or canine fossa is very materially decreased : in 

 one of the Finnish škulis this surface, from the inferior edge of the 

 orbit to tlie alveolar processes, is almost plane. There is nothing 

 remarkable in the nasal aperture. The shajie of the orbit differs 

 materially from that of the Esquimaux, where it is almost round, and 

 from that in the skull of an Indian of the Sioux tribe, where it much 

 resembles the European. 



" The distance from the inferior edge of the nasal aperture, that is, 

 from the anterior nasal spine to the margin of the alveolar process, 

 is in every specimen of these skuUs of the Finns and Lappes decidedly 

 less than in any other European \vith 'vvhich I have compared them. 

 The teeth are much ground. 



'' A lateral vie\v of these crania shows that the forehead is some- 

 what more receding than in the generalitj- of Europeans, although the 

 difFerence is not great, probably not more than is freąuently seen be- 

 tvveen two specimens of the šame tribe. 



"The general shape of the head resembles that of the European 



