133 



anteriorly, but the posterior part does not project so much. There is 

 a marked difference between the posterior projection of the Finas 

 and Lappes and that of the Esquimaux, the latter being much more 

 prominent. 



" The line which represents the outline of the ossa naši, &c., /. e. the 

 profilc of the face of the skuU, presents much less marked irregulari- 

 ties than the European in geueral. Thus although, as I have before 

 observed, the superciliary ridges are weil-marked, the frontai bone 

 does not overhang the ossa naši, as in the latter, where a decided 

 angle is formed. In the Esquimaux the line from the forehead to 

 the nose is nearly straight, and in the skuUs of an Indian of the Sioux 

 tribe and a Chitamache Indian the curve is very regular and open. 

 The junction of the nose and forehead in the Lappes and Finns is 

 therefore more angular than either of the three last-mentioned crania, 

 but much less so than the European. 



" Upon this the side view another remarkable fact is observed. The 

 occipital bone being not so much developed downwards as in other 

 Europeans (we observed just now that it had less posterior projection 

 also), and the posterior edge of the lo\ver jaw, from the condyle to 

 the angle, being longer than in the latter, upon placing the skull 

 upon a table or any plane horizontai surface, the inferior maxilla 

 merely touches it by its angle, not resting upon the base of the jaw, 

 as w'e observe in the English, Irish, ancient Irish (cast), Sioux, 

 Italian and Mulatto škulis. The only ones which have this character 

 in common with the Lappes and Finns are the Negro and the skull 

 of a Hindu. 



"The angle of the lovver jaw is certainly more obtuse, seen upon 

 comparing škulis in which the molar teeth remain perfect. In the 

 form and direction of the coronoid process there seems to be no great 

 difiFerence. 



"The temporal fossse are well-marked, and in one of the Finnish 

 skuUs the anterior inferior angles of the parietal bones are connected 

 to the great ^ings of the sphenoid by means of an os wormianum 

 upon either side. This is not unfrequently the case in other crania. 



" The general shortness of the face which has been observed to exist 

 in these škulis, is more plainly seen by viewing them from the side, 

 when we find that the inferior edge of the malar bone is very little 

 higher than the edge of the alveolar process. This is owing not so 

 much to the want of development downwards of these processes, 

 although I have already noticed the shortness of the space between 

 the nose and the mouth, but to the great breadth (from above down- 

 ■vvards) of the malar bone, measured from its free inferior border to 

 its junction with the extemal orbitai process of the frontai bone ; 

 and it is a remarkable fact, that this measurement, in all the speci- 

 mens of the škulis of Finns and Lappes, considerably exceeds that 

 of any of the other specimens of European nations, and is equal to 

 that of the Esquimaux and American skuUs. The breadth of this 

 surface of the malar bone in one Finn much exceeds that of any 

 which I have had an opportunity of measuring. 



" Thus the shortness of the face i» more apparent upon the lateral 



