OF THE SOUTHERN APTERYX. 285 



Intertransversales (PI. XXXIII. fig. 3. w). — These are two series of short carneous fas- 

 ciculi passing the one between the upper, and the other between the lower transverse 

 processes. 



Levatores costarum (PI. XXXIII. fig. 3. x).- — ^The first or most anterior of this series of 

 muscles seems to represent the scalenus medius {x*) ; it arises from both the upper and 

 lower transverse processes of the last cervical vertebra, and expands to be inserted into the 

 first rib, and into the upper and outer part of the second rib. The remaining levatores 

 successively diminish in size as they are placed backwards ; they come off from the trans- 

 verse processes of the first six dorsal vertebrae ; those from the first and second expand 

 to be inserted into the rib attached to the same transverse process and to the one next 

 behind ; the rest have a single insertion : the angle and the part of the rib immediately 

 beneath are the situations of their attachments. 



Complexus (PI. XXXII. XXXIV. fig. 1. y). — This strong triangular fleshy muscle arises 

 from the articular and upper transverse processes of the fourth, third and second cervical 

 vertebrae, and gradually expands as it advances forwards to be inserted into the occipital 

 ridge, from the outer side of the insertion of the biventer cervicis to the mastoid process. 



Recti capitis postici. — These small muscles are concealed by the preceding ; they rise 

 successively from the spines of the third, second and first cervical vertebrae, and expand 

 as they advance to be inserted into the occiput. 



Trachelo-mastoideus (PI. XXXIV. fig. 1. z). — 'This strong, subdepressed carneous 

 muscle arises from the upper transverse processes of the fifth, fourth, third and second 

 cervical vertebrae, and is inserted into the side of the base of the occiput. 



B. In Front of the Neck. 



Longus colli (PI. XXXIV. fig. 2. & XXXV. a).— This large and long muscle, which 

 appears simple when first exposed, as in PI. XXXIII. fig. 2, is found to consist, when 

 unravelled by further dissection, of a series of closely succeeding long, narrow fasciculi, 

 arising from the haemapophyses of the sixth dorsal to the first dorsal and from the ten 

 posterior cervical vertebrae (PI. XXXV. a a) ; and sending narrow tendons {ib. a*) which 

 increase in length as they are given off more anteriorly, obliquely forwards and outwards, 

 to be inserted into the costal processes of all the cervical vertebrae save the first two : the 

 highest or foremost tendon (ib. a**) is attached to the tubercle at the under part of the 

 ring of the atlas ; but this tendon is also the medium of insertion of five small fasciculi 

 of muscular fibres (PI. XXXV. fig. 2. a**) arising from the upper transverse processes 

 of the sixth, fifth, fourth, third and second cervical vertebree. 



The Rectus capitis anticus major (PI. XXXV. b) is continued, or arises by as many 

 distinct tendons, from the five superior tendons of insertion of the preceding muscle ; 

 these origins soon become fleshy, converge, and coalesce previous to their insertion into 

 the base of the skull. 



VOL. III. PART IV. 2 Q 



