OF THE SOUTHERN APTERYX. 291 



Glutaus minimus (PI. XXXII. c). — Origin. It rises below and internal to the preceding 

 muscle from the anterior and ini'erior extremity, and from one inch and three-fourths of 

 the inferior and outer margin of the ilium, and contiguous external surface, as far as 

 the origin of the glutceus medius ; also by some fleshy fibres from the outside of the last 

 rib. Ins. These fibres slightly converge as they pass backwards to terminate in a broad 

 flat tendon which bends over the outer surface of the femur, to be inserted into the ele- 

 vation anterior to the attachment of the gluteeus magnus. 



A muscle (PI. XXXII. d.) which may be regarded either as a distinct accessory to, or 

 a strip of the preceding one, arises immediately behind it from half an inch of the outer 

 and inferior part of the ilium ; its fibres run nearly parallel with those of the glutteus 

 minimus, and terminate in a thin flat tendon, which similarly bends round the outer part 

 of the femur, to be inserted into the outer and under part of the trochanter immediately 

 below the tendon of the gluteus medius. This muscle and the preceding portion, or 

 glutaius minimus, are described by Prof. Mayer' under the names of Glutceus quartus and 

 Glutceus quintus, in the Cassowary ; one of them is absent in most birds. 



Use. — All the preceding muscles combine to draw the femur forwards, and to abduct 

 and rotate it inwards. 



Iliacus internus. — This is a somewhat short thick muscle, of a parallelogrammic form, 

 fleshy throughout ; rising from the tuberosity of the innominatum in front of the aceta- 

 bulum immediately below the glutceus minimus, and inserted at a point corresponding to 

 the inner trochanter, into the inner side of the femur near the head of that bone, which 

 it thus adducts and rotates outwards. This muscle is present both in the Ostrich and 

 Bustard, but Meckel' says it is wanting in the Cassowary. 



Pyramidalis. — The same kind of modification which affects the iliacus internus, viz. 

 the displacement of its origin from the inner surface of the ilium to a situation nearly 

 external, affects this muscle, which, from its insertion and triangular form, I regard as 

 the analogue of the pyramidalis. It arises fleshy from the outer surface of the ischium 

 for the extent of an inch, and converges to a broad flat tendon which is inserted into 

 the trochanter femoris opposite, but close to the tendon of the glutceus minimus, which 

 it opposes, abducting and rotating the femur outwards. 



Adductor hrevis femoris (PI. XXXII. e). — A small, long and slender muscle arises from 

 the innominatum immediately behind the acetabulum, passes over the back part of the 

 great trochanter, becomes partially tendinous, and is inserted into the back part of the 

 femur in common with the following muscle. 



Adductor longus (PI. XXXII. XXXV. f). — A long, broad and thin muscle, separated 

 from the preceding by the ischiadic nerve and artery. The origin of this muscle ex- 

 tends one inch and a quarter from near the upper margin of the innominatum which 

 is behind the acetabulum ; it is joined by the preceding strip, and is inserted into the 

 ■whole of the lower two-thirds of the back part of the femur. 



' Analekten fur Vergleich. Anatomic : 4to. 1839, p. 12. * Arch, fur Phvsiol. xiii. 2G1. 



