384 PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 



as significative of a second, smaller, and more anthropoid species of Orang, for which, 

 therefore, I proposed the name of Simia {Pithecus) Morio. 



This conclusion in my ' Second Memoir' did not meet with such general assent as 

 those of the first. To the objections published by M.Dumortier*, and supported ably, 

 candidly and openly by reference to all the facts that had led to his entertainment of 

 them, and to his opinion that my Pithecus Morio was an immature stage of the larger 

 P. Wurmbii, I have replied in detail t- 



It will not be necessary to reiterate these arguments in refutation of the statement 

 of the specific identity of the Simla Morio with the Simia Wurmbii, since made by Mr. 

 John Edward Gray in the ' Synopsis of the Mammalia in the British Museum,' as no 

 reasons are there adduced for the attempt to suppress the species; and I only here refer 

 to the statement because it may have some weight with foreign naturalists, inasmuch as it 

 emanates from the ostensible head of the Zoological department of the British Museum, 

 and is enunciated in a work of a certain public authority and bearing the imprimatur 

 of the eminent and distinguished personages constituting the Board of Trustees. 



Temminck, Sandifort, Salomon Miiller and Schlegel have contributed valuable facts 

 to the history and anatomy of the great Orang (Pithecus Wurmbii), to which species 

 their observations are limited}. 



Sir J. Brooke, the distinguished Governor of Labuan and Rajah of Sarawak, affirms, 

 as the result of his personal observations and according to the report of the natives of 

 Borneo, that there exist in that island three species of Orang§. One species, called by 

 the natives ' Mias Pappan,' with cheek-callosities in both males, females and young, is 

 my Pithecus Wurmbii. A male of this species measured four feet from the head to the 

 heel. A second species, smaller and weaker, devoid of cheek-callosities in both sexes, 

 and with relatively smaller hands and feet, is known to the natives by the name of 

 ' Mias Kassar.' The Rajah Brooke has killed an almost full-grown male and two grown 

 females of this species, which he believes to be my Pithecus Morio. A third species, 

 ' Mias Rambi,' is as tall as the Mias Pappan, or even taller, but is not so stout, with 

 longer hair, and without cheek-pouches in either sex. This may possibly be the variety 

 or species called Pithecus Abelii. 



Thus the former memoirs published in the 'Transactions of the Zoological Society' 

 give the true characters of a species of large Orang {Pithecus Wurmbii) in Borneo, and 

 demonstrate a sexual superiority of size of the large laniariform canine teeth in the 

 male, with a concomitant development of zygomatic arches and sagittal and lambdoidal 

 crests. They show that there were two well-marked varieties, if not species, of such 

 large Orang-utans, of which one at least inhabits Sumatra, and both are probably to be 



* Notice sur les Modifications du Crane de I'Orang-outang, 8vo, Biuxelles, 1S38. 



t Annalcs des Sciences, series 2. t. xi. p. 122. 



X Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche, &c. fol. Leyden, 1840. 



§ Proceedings of the Zoological Society, July 13, 1841. 



