388 PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 



specimen the sagittal crest is continued, one quarter of an inch in height, to the middle 

 of the lambdoidal crest. 



This crest is more developed than in the female, but the supraoccipital preserves its 

 convexity, though not quite to such a degree as in the female. The baboon-like length 

 of the face and prominence of the orbits is quite as strongl}' marked in the adult male 

 as in the female, but the carnivoi'ous aspect arising from the sagittal and lambdoidal 

 crests is not so striking as it is in the Pithecus Wurmbii ; and although the canines 

 of the male Troglodytes niger are decidedly superior to those of the female and extend 

 beyond the intervals of the opposite teeth, yet this is to a less extent than in the Pithecus 

 Wurmbii. The fossa for the insertion of the masseter and temporal muscles is better 

 marked in the lower jaw of the male than in the female Troglodytes niger, and its poste- 

 rior boundary was developed into a tubercle in the specimen figured in PI. LVIII. 



Upon the whole, the amount of sexual distinction in the skull and dentition of the 

 Troglodytes niger accords with that which is observed in the Pithecus Mario or the 

 smaller Orang of Borneo, and is not so great as in the Pithecus Wurmhii. With this 

 knowledge, therefore, of the dental and osteological characters of the Troglodytes niger, 

 we are in a condition for satisfactorily testing any similar evidence of that larger species 

 of Chimpanzee, the existence of which was long ago indicated by Battell* under the 

 name of 'Pongo' as contradistinguished from the ' Chimpanzee' of modern naturalists, 

 which he calls ' Engeco' ; the ' Pongo' or ' Boggo' being subsequently more definitely 

 alluded to by Lacepede in the 'Supplement,' tom. vii. (4to, 1789) p. 2 of BufFon's 

 ' Histoire Naturelle,' as a large African ' Orang-outang,' 5 feet in height, and of which 

 Lacepede believed the smaller black Orang, 2\ feet high, of whose docile and social 

 habits, under the name of ' Jocko,' Buffon has left so pleasing a record,* to have been 

 the young. 



Such indications however are of little other value in rigorous natural history than as 

 guides and stimulants to more special inquiry, and as inciting to the collection of con- 

 firmatory evidence. Yet it must be admitted, that if Lacepede were open to the charge 

 of yielding too ready acceptance to the older notices of the great African Chimpanzee, 

 Cuvier, who subjected him to it, fell into the opposite extreme of scepticism in pro- 

 nouncing this remarkable animal, — the Pongo of Buffon,— to have been " only the 

 imaginary product of that great naturalist's combinations f." What has been, however, 

 now securely gained for science is the determination of the true stature, dentition, facial 

 angle and other adult characters of the Chimpanzee of Cuvier and others {Troglodytes 

 niger) ; upon which basis I proceed to engraft further illustrations of the genus, which 

 of all brute mammalia is the most important, from its demonstrated closest proximity 

 to Man. 



* See Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. ii. p. 982. f R^gne Animal, tom. i. p. 88. 



