THE GREAT CHIMPANZEE. 399 



both the male and female, leave no alternative, according to the value given to such 

 characters in other Quadrumanous genera, than to pronounce the Troglodytes Gorilla 

 to be distinct from the Troglodytes niger, and this to be, as the Pithecus Morio is to the 

 Pithecus Wurmbii, a smaller, feebler and more anthropoid species of its genus. 



Having thus pointed out the particulars in which the Troglodytes Gorilla differs from 

 the TV. niger, I proceed next to compare the larger and more formidable species of 

 Chimpanzee with its Asiatic analogue, the great Orang or Pongo of Wurmb, Pithecus 

 Wurmbii. 



§ 5. Comparison of the Skull of the male Troglodytes Savagei with that of the male 



Pithecus Wurmbii. 



In size, these most powerful and formidable examples of the Quadrumanous order are 

 nearly equal ; the great Chimpanzee upon the whole, however, surpasses the great 

 Orang, and therefore claims to be regarded as the giant of the Quadrumanous order. 

 Both are alike remarkable for the superior development in the male sex of the conical 

 canines and the strong carnassial-like sagittal and lambdoidal crests, and the massive 

 zygomatic arches and malar bones. In both the facial angle is low and brutal, the few 

 degrees in favour of the Chimpanzee being due to the enormous supraorbital ridge 

 characteristic of its genus*. This is the first and most striking feature of distinction 

 between the two great Apes ; and while its presence impresses a peculiarly forbidding, 

 scowling physiognomy even upon the dry skul! of the great Chimpanzee, its absence 

 gives a more open and milder aspect to that of the slothful Orang. 



The cranium is absolutely longer in the Chimpanzee, and longer in proportion to the 

 face : the lambdoidal crista is more developed, especially at its upper and middle part, 

 where it is joined by the sagittal crest. The upper border of the squamosal is longer 

 and straighter in the Chimpanzee, and joins the frontal : in the Orang it is commonly 

 separated from the frontal by the broader alisphenoid. The zygomatic arch is deeper 

 and stronger in the Chimpanzee, the zygomatic portion of the arch is shorter and its 

 upper border is convex or angular, whilst in the Orang it is longer, more slender, and 

 its upper border is straight. The outer boundary of the orbit is much thicker. The 

 spheno-maxillary fissure is much longer in the Chimpanzee ; in the great Orang it is 

 very short, but wider. 



The line of the external border of the orbit and of the posterior contour of the maxil- 

 lary bone is less oblique from above downwards and forwards in the Chimpanzee than 

 in the Orang : the alveolar border of the maxillary, especially its molar part, is longer 

 in the Chimpanzee : instead of the rough oblong tract upon the mastoid, there is the 

 distinct hemispheric mastoid process in the great Chimpanzee. Such are the chief 

 differences in the comparison of the side views. 



* Compare PI. LXI. with PI. XXXI. p. 192. vol. ii. 



3 I 2 



