THE GREAT CHIMPANZEE. 411 



in Man they are nearer tlie posterior border of the palate. The pterygoid and orbital 

 relations of the palatal bones resemble those of Man. 



The maxillary bone, besides its greater relative size, has a relatively longer and 

 shallower palatal portion without any median convexity : it is more expanded anteriorly, 

 instead of being contracted between the premolars : its malar process is considerably 

 deeper, and is perforated by the maxillary or suborbital nerve at a greater distance 

 below the orbit : the single foramen for this nerve is the rarer variety than the double 

 one in the Chimpanzee : the most decisive distinction from the Human type furnished 

 by the maxillary bone in the present comparison is its exclusion from the nostril by the 

 elongation of the premaxillary and the interposition of the upper angle of that bone 

 between the maxillary and the nasal in the large species of Chimpanzee. The double 

 fangs of the premolars render the alveolar border or ' process ' of the Chimpanzee's max- 

 illary bone more complex than it is in Man ; and it is tumid, and produced anteriorly 

 by the sockets for the enormous canines. 



The premaxillaries differ from those of Man by their vastly greater proportional size, 

 their greater prominence, the longer persistence of their sutures with the maxillaries 

 and their nasal processes (PI. LXII. 22'). The extent of their palatal part (PI. LXI. 22) 

 removes the prepalatal foramina further back from the alveoli, and these foramina are 

 double, or not so completely blended into a single hole below, as in Man. Their median 

 suture with each other, instead of being supported on a prominent ridge at the anterior 

 surface of the bone, as in Man, is sunk into a smooth fossa, and the nasal ridges for the 

 support of the septum narium commence quite within the nostril behind an arched 

 transverse eminence or bar. 



The malar bone, besides its superior relative size, has a more convex exterior sur- 

 face (26), which is turned more towards the front of the face than in Man : the line of 

 the malomaxillary suture descends more directly downwards and outwards ; in Man it 

 extends more outwards before it descends, the suborbital angle of the malar being longer, 

 more slender and pointed than in the Chimpanzee ; the orbital margin is sharp in 

 Caucasians, but is rounded off in Australians. The posterior border of the ectorbital 

 or frontal process (PI. LXI. & LXII. 26') is straight at its commencement, not convex 

 as in Man : the entorbital plate of the malar extends further backwards, and unites in 

 a smaller proportion with the alisphenoid than with the frontal ; it is imperforate. The 

 zygomatic suture is a regular or sUghtly wavy oblique line, not made angular or curved 

 by a sudden notch in the upper part of the zygomatic process of the malar, as in Man. 



The zygomatic portion of the squamosal equals in depth the malar portion of the 

 arch, and is not shallower, as in Man : the post-glenoid process (Pl.LXl.pg) is stronger 

 and projects down more freely, and relatively lower as respects the tympanic. The 

 squamous plate (27) is lower and more angular in the Chimpanzee ; its upper border, 

 which does not rise higher than opposite the middle of the orbit, being almost straight ; 

 the continuation of the line of this border by the mastoid makes the squamosal appear 

 much longer from before backwards than this temporal element really is. In Man 



