THE GREAT CHIMPANZEE. 413 



as well as the large independent inferior turbinals : these are all longer in proportion 

 than in Man. 



The chief differences which the cranium and teeth of the Troglodytes Gorilla present 

 as compared with those parts of the Human structure may be summed up as follows : — 



1. The smaller proportional size of the cranium. 



2. The more backward position of the foramen magnum, and its more oblique plane 

 in relation to that of the base of the skull. 



3. The smaller relative size and more backward position of the occipital condyles. 



4. The longer basioccipital, and broader, flatter and lower supraoccipital. 



5. The longer basispheuoid and shorter alisphenoids. 



6. The smaller size of the coalesced parietals, and their separation from the alisphe- 

 noids. 



7. The conversion of a greater part of the outer surface of the parietals into conca- 

 vities or depressions for the lodgement of the temporal muscles by reason of the bony 

 crest developed from the line of the obliterated sagittal suture and of the lambdoidal crest. 



8. The larger proportion of this crest and of the squamosal plate developed from the 

 mastoid and the smaller size of the proper mastoid process. 



9. The smaller size of the vaginal and styliform processes, and the absence of the 

 styloid process, arising from the non-anchylosis of the stylohyal bone. 



10. The larger post-glenoid process and the longer auditory process (tympanic bone), 

 with their relative position, one behind, but not below the other. 



11. The position of the stronger zygomata opposite the middle third of the basis 

 cranii. 



12. The prominent supraorbital ridge. 



13. The longer nasal bones, anchylosed together and flattened at their lower half. 



14. The greater proportional size and greater prominence of the upper and lower jaws. 



1 5. The longer osseous palate, and the median emargination of its posterior border. 



16. The parallelism of the alveoli of the molars and canine of one side with those of 

 the other. 



17. The diastema or vacant place in front of the socket of the canine in the upper 

 jaw, and behind that socket in the lower jaw. 



18. The larger and more produced premaxillaries ; the persistence of more or less of 

 their sutures showing the intervention of their upper extremities between the nasal and 

 maxillary bones. 



19. The minor extent of connection of the lachrymal with the ' pars plana ' of the 

 aethmoid, or their separation by the junction of the orbital plate of the maxillary with 

 that of the frontal behind the lachrymal. 



20. The depth of the olfactory fossa, and the absence or rudimental state of the 

 ' crista galli.' 



VOL. III. PART VI. 3 L 



