9S Dr. GnoDEKOUGil ajnL^(p WoodvvardV Ohfcrv-aUoni^i. 



jilants are at firft cniirc, fl'rtd'tliofe of a more advanced grQucth-'fbeW 

 ibmetiines much Icls appcaVahce of this prohferous tendenty-^tliati 

 others : but we cannot, in this fpecics, attribute the whole of the par- 

 ticular habit to thefc accidental caufes. The callous rings fo frequent- 

 ly feen in fajiigiaius, we fuppofe alfo to be principally occafioned 

 by injury, as we have largely explained in treating of that fpecies. 

 Injuries done to the coarfcr forts may be more readily traced in 

 their effedts — F. inflaius is one inftance of this, which is probably 

 nothing more than vrjiculofus, with a branclj inflated or fwollen by 

 the injury of fome infeiSl or outward violence. The vejiculo/us van 

 folhweus, affords one of the moft remarkable inftances of reproduc- 

 tion occafioned by external violence. This has been firft noticed 

 by Major Velley in Withering's Bot. Arr. vol. iii. p. 241 ; and as 

 the pafTagc is but fliort, we fliall be excufed for quoting it entire. 

 ' If the F. veficuhfus receives an injury or fracture in any part of 

 ' the leaf, provided it be in a healthy vegetating ftate, it conftantly 



• throws out abundance of young leaves from the injured part. If 

 ' even a fmall aperture be made in the middle of it, a new leaf on 



* either fide will be found to llioot out.' Without this explanation 

 it would appear extraordinary, that, where a branch is broken oiF, 

 not only a clufter of new leaves fhould fhoot from the fradtured 

 end, but that alfo numerous fimilar ones iliduld be produced from 

 the fides of the broken branch ; which we have obferved to take 

 place. This will alfo account for the frequent appearance of thefe 

 new leaves on the furface of the root itfelf, even whilfl the plant is 

 apparently in a perfedly uninjured ftate. 



The foil, or their growing near frefli water, or altogether diftant 



from it, makes a great difference in the fize and texture of any 



plants. On the more inland banks of the Severn, and in the ex- 



tenfive aeftuary in the north of Lancalhire, formed by the influx of 



4 the 



