82 DR. R. E. GRANT ON THE ANATOMY OF SEPIOLA VULGARIS, 
towards the anus. The hepatic ducts are surrounded during nearly their whole course 
with a large cluster of regular ovoidal vesicular glands, filled with their light yellow 
secretion. These glands exist in most of the genera of Naked Cephalopods, in Sepia, 
Loligo, Loligopsis, §c. ; and from their analogies with the pancreatic glands of higher 
classes, I was induced to consider them as these organs in 18251. There are about a 
hundred of these glands in Sepiola: they present the usual subdivided cellular internal 
structure, and terminate in the hepatic canals, each by a separate short duct. On 
opening the hepatic ducts, the numerous orifices of these pancreatic glands are easily 
perceived, like those of the vesicles opening into the veins in these animals. In several 
specimens of Sepiola which I dissected, I found globules of oil, probably derived from the 
food, mixed with the ordinary secretions in the hepatic ducts, in the pancreatic glands, in 
both stomachs, and in the intestine. These appear to be the only glands in the Cepha- 
lopods which have any analogy to the pancreas,—an organ which exists also in many of 
the Gasteropods and in articulated classes, as well as in all the Vertebrata. The rectum 
of Sepiola, passing up in front of the abdominal viscera to the base of the syphon, lies 
over the middle of a very large quadrangular ink bag?, and is accompanied, for a short 
space, by the duct of that gland before it penetrates its parietes. The ink gland is here 
equally remarkable for its magnitude and its form. It lies almost within the base of 
the funnel, and consists of three lobes placed transversely, and extending more in that 
direction than longitudinally. The two lateral lobes are kidney-shaped, with thick 
white glandular parietes in front, and of a deep purple colour with a dull surface behind. 
Each of these reniform lobes has a rough black tubercle projecting from the middle of 
its lateral margin. The depression between these lobes is occupied by a smaller third 
lobe, over the front of which pass the vena cava and rectum; and from the upper part 
of this lobe the duct of the gland arises*. This gland appears to be proportionally much 
more developed in the smaller species of Naked Cephalopods than in the larger. In this 
animal I have seldom detected a trace of that metallic lustre so common on the surface 
of this gland in other Cephalopods ; and it is very loosely connected with the surface of 
the liver, on which it rests. The two longitudinal muscular bands embracing the anus 
act also as sphincters to the duct of the ink gland; and while the sides of the mantle 
and the base of the syphon compress the large lateral lobes of the gland, these muscles 
acting on the middle of the organ may press out forcibly the contained secretion. 
The vena cava® passing down in front of the liver, along with the intestine, divides, 
as usual, into two trunks, which are provided with large vesicular bodies opening into 
their interior, and accompanying them to the branchial auricles. The veins are very 
wide, and with thin soft loose parietes: their vesicles were found empty and flaccid. 
The branchial hearts or auricles are here large cavities, of a white colour, and of a 
lengthened ovate form: each of them is provided with the usual fleshy appendia, at- 
tached to its lower surface and towards its branchial extremity®. These fleshy appen- 
1 Edin. Phil. Journ., July1825. °Fig.13.c.c. 5% Fig.7.h.h. +¥Fig.7.k. °Fig.9.a. © Fig. 9. d.d. 
