118 MR. R. OWEN ON THE ANATOMY OF THE CONCAVE HORNBILL. 
The esophagus, when inflated, is 1 inch in diameter, and is continued, as in the 
Toucan, of nearly the same width to the gizzard. Two inches of its termination are 
occupied by the zone of gastric glands, composed of two closely aggregated oval groups 
which are continuous with each other. The glands are simple cylindrical follicles, about 
a line and a half in length. 
The gizzard is thicker in its coats, and of a more elongated form than in the Toucan. 
It measured, when distended with fluid after death, 2+ inches in length, and 13 in its 
greatest diameter. Its cuticular lining is very tough, and disposed in longitudinal 
ridges. The muscular coat is 3 lines in thickness at the middle of the gizzard, but 
this thickness does not prevail over more than a third part of the cavity; the rest of 
this tunic is less than a line in thickness. 
The duodenal fold extends 7 inches from the pylorus. 'The remainder of the intes- 
tinal canal is disposed in two similar folds, and then extends along the middle line of 
the back part of the abdomen to the cloaca. There are no ceca. The coats of the 
intestinal canal are stronger than is usual in Birds, and the diameter more consider- 
able. The ileum at its commencement measures 2 inches 2 lines in circumference: it 
gradually narrows to the commencement of the straight portion, or rectum, which again 
becomes wider to its termination. 
The whole length of the intestinal canal is 5 feet. 
The villi are very long and numerous, but diminish in both respects as they approach 
the rectum, where they degenerate into small obtuse papille. A great part of the lining 
membrane appeared to have been in a state of subacute inflammation. 
The liver is composed, as usual, of two lobes, the right being the larger. The duct 
of the night lobe emerges from the right side of the transverse portal fissure, and be- 
comes attached to the fundus of the gall-bladder ; after running upon it for half an inch 
it receives the cystic duct by an oblique aperture directed downwards or distad. ‘The 
common or cyst-hepatic duct then passes onwards, and terminates in the duodenum at 
the extremity of its fold, 14 inches from the pylorus. The duct of the left lobe of the 
liver terminates separately in the duodenum about half an inch from the preceding. The 
gall-bladder is 12 inch long, and 1 inch in diameter. 
The pancreas commences from the lower end of the spleen by a small oval enlarge- 
ment, which soon contracts to the size of a crow-quill. This attenuated portion of the 
gland passes down within the duodenal fold, gradually enlarging, and terminates in a 
flattened oblong mass, forming the head of the pancreas: from this part a second elon- 
gated lobe is continued upwards, ascending along the opposite side of the fold of the 
duodenum to within an inch of the pylorus. The pancreas is thus seen to correspond 
with the form of the duodenum, being, as it were, similarly folded upon itself; but not 
occupying the whole fold of the duodenum. Its secretion is conveyed into the intestine 
by three ducts, one from the head of the pancreas, which enters the duodenum at the 
bend of the fold; and a second and third from the elongated lobes, which ducts terminate 
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