364 MR. R. OWEN ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
from that of Man in the inclination of its spine towards the superior costa; in the 
acromion being narrower and claviform, not an extended flattened process ; and in the 
absence of the flattened and overhanging margin of the spine which we find in the hu- 
man subject. The supra-spinal fossa is also larger and deeper in the Orang, the superior 
costa and spine of the scapula lying in nearly parallel lines ; while the subspinal fossa 
is shorter from above downwards, and does not present any convexities, as in the hu- 
man subject. The coracoid process has a greater inclination downwards, and the 
glenoid cavity is directed more upwards than in Man, but its form is the same. In the 
Orang, therefore, the scapula, as compared with that of the Chimpanzee, is shorter in 
proportion to its breadth, its spine is less perpendicular to its plane, and the upward 
curvature of the acromion is greater!. 
The principal feature of the organization of the Orang, and that in which it differs 
most from the Chimpanzee, is the relative length of the upper and lower extremities. 
The arms reach to the heel. The articular surface of the head of the humerus is larger 
in Simia Satyrus than in Man, its extent equalling a complete hemisphere. The twist 
of the shaft is not so remarkable, nor the groove at the posterior and outer part for the 
musculo-spiral nerve and artery. In some specimens the humerus is perforated between 
the condyles. 
In the radius and ulna the principal differences are seen in the greater space existing 
between them, owing to the outward curve of the radius, and in the absence of the 
acute margin on its ulnar aspect: the corresponding spine in the ulna is also less 
marked than in the human subject. Dr. Jeffries observed ‘a large curved projection 
' With respect to the scapula Dr. Harwood (Linnean Transactions, vol. xv. p. 472.) observes, that ‘‘ The sca- 
pule of the Pongo have their spine strongly incurvated upwards, while in the Simia Satyrus it pursues almost a 
straight direction horizontally: the space also for the attachment of the infra spinatus muscle is, relatively to the 
size of the bone, far more extended in the Pongo.” Oncomparing the scapule of the young Orang with those of 
the Pongo, I confess myself unable to appreciate the differences here pointed out ; but judging from the peculiar 
inclination of the spine and the acromion towards the superior costa, both in the young and the adult Orang, 
I should infer from this particular rather a specific identity than a difference. I therefore subjoin the follow- 
ing admeasurements, accurately taken from the same relative positions of the scapule of two specimens of Si- 
mia Satyrus of different ages, and of the adult Orang or Pongo. 
Younger im- | Older imma-| Pongo, or 
mature Orang.| ture Orang. | adult Orang. 
in. lines. in. lines. in. lines. 
From the extremity of the acromion to the root of the coracoid process 10 M5) Qed 
From the root of the acromion to the root of the coracoid process . . 7 11 14 
From the root of the acromion to the inferior angle of the scapula. .2 3 3.3 5 10 
From the root of the spine to the inferior angle of the scapula . . . 2 Coe ts) AES 
From the root of the spine to the superior angle of the scapula . . 4 10 14 
These admeasurements show that the progress of the spine from the base of the scapula to the root of the 
acromion, which is indicated by the second and fifth admeasurements of the younger immature Orang, has un- 
dergone a greater proportional change in the older immature specimen than in the adult Orang. The third and 
fourth admeasurements show that the increased size of the subspinal fossa is regularly progressive in each. 
