
THE CHIMPANZEE AND ORANG UTAN. 369 
22. In the greater proportional size of the tarsus as compared with the phalanges of 
the toes. 
23. In having constantly two phalanges in the halluz, or great toe, with a nail ; while 
the ungueal phalanz and nail are often wanting in the hallua of the Orang, especially in 
that of the female. 
The Chimpanzee approximates more nearly to the human structure in those devia- 
tions from the Orang which are numbered 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 
22, 23. 
The Orang has a nearer resemblance to Man 
1. In the junction of the sphenoid with the parietal bones. 
2. In having twelve pairs of ribs. 
3. In the form of the scapula, especially its greater breadth. 
From the preceding comparison, therefore, it results that the Chimpanzee ought to 
rank above the Orang in a descending series, and not below it as in the ‘ Régne 
Animal’ of Cuvier. 
Both the Chimpanzee and Orang differ from the human structure 
1. In the diastema, or interval between the cuspidati and incisores in the upper jaw, 
and between the cuspidati and bicuspides in the lower jaw. 
2. In the greater magnitude of the intermaxillary bones indicated in the adult by 
the distance of the foramina incisiva from the incisive teeth ; both of which differences 
result from the greater proportional development and different forms of the cuspidati 
and incisores. ‘These differences are of generic value. 
3. In the more backward position and oblique plane of the occipital foramen. 
. li the smaller proportional size of the occipital condyles. 
. In the larger proportional size of the petrous bones. 
. In the greater proportional development of the jaws. 
. In the flatness of the nasal bone, which is rarely divided in the mesial line, while 
in Man the nasal bones are as rarely consolidated into one. 
8. In the presence of the ant-auditory process of the temporal bone, and the absence 
of the mastoid and styloid processes. 
9. In the absence of the process of the ethmoid, called the crista galli. 
10. In the shortness and comparative weakness of the lumbar region of the spinal 
column, which is also composed of four instead of five vertebre. 
11. In the narrowness and proportional length of the sacrum. 
12. In the flatness of the ilia, and the larger development and outward curvature of 
the ischia. 
13. In the position of the pelvis in relation to the spine. 
14. In the larger proportional development of the chest. 
15. In the greater length of the upper extremities. 
16. In the wider interval between the ulna and radius. 
STO ob 
