156 MR. WESTWOOD ON SOME NEW 
neus), the genera Onitis, Onthophagus, Copris, Canthon and Ateuchus casually noticed ; 
there being no analysis of the family Scarabeide itself. 
The genus Scarabeus itself, as restricted in the Hore Entomologice, has for its es- 
sential characters, the tibie of all the legs furnished with a single spur ; the head subtri- 
gonate or, rhomboidal, never cornuted ; the elypeus radiated, bidentate or emarginate ; 
the thoraz elliptical, margined, often impressed on each side with a puncture, which is 
occasionally indistinct ; broader than the abdomen ; the anterior tarsi often obsolete, &c. 
The genus thus characterised is divided into the five following subgenera or types of 
form: 1. Heliocantharus ; 2. Mnematium; 3. Pachysoma; 4. [Wanting] ; 5. Gymno- 
pleurus. 
Since the publication of the Hore Entomologice the family has received but little ad- 
dition. It will be essential, however, with a view to the discovery of the relations of 
the insects about to be described, that the student should be put in possession of what 
has been done by subsequent writers. The description by Mr. Kirby of a remarkable 
insect from Soudan, ‘‘ forming a distinct and new type in the genus Scarabeus”’ of 
MacLeay, under the name of Scarabeus femoralis, in the ‘ Zoological Journal,’ must be 
regarded of the first importance, as interfering with the distribution of the types of 
form composing that genus given in the Hore Entomologice ; whilst the same author, 
whose knowledge of the Scarabai is fully admitted by Mr. MacLeay, observes that ‘in 
Copris, MacLeay, I seem in my own cabinet to possess ten or twelve distinct types ; 
and in Phaneus, the fifth type, which Mr. MacLeay regards as containing insects 
resembling all the other types, appears to me rather divided into two; one formed 
by Phan. carnifex, vindex, igneus, &c., and the other by Phan. splendidulus, floriger, 
Kirbii, &e.”* 
Latreille has done little towards the recent elaboration of this group of insects. The 
following short synopsis will show his distribution as given in the Second Edition of 
the Régne Animal. 
CopropPHaGi. 
Sect. 1. Corresponding with the family Scarabeide, MacL. 
A. Corresponding precisely with the genus Scarabeus, MacL., containing 
the genera Ateuchus,” Weber, with Heliocantharus and Pachysoma as 
sections, but entirely omitting Mnematium. 
1 Introduction to Entomology, vol. iv. p. 400. 
2 The generic name Ateuchus, as proposed by Weber, was intended to designate all the unarmed, unscutel- 
lated, long-legged Coprides of Fabricius, including the sections in this Table indicated under the letters A and 
B, a; having the Scarabaus sacer as the typical species (Ent. Syst. i. p.62.). The genus having been subse- 
quently dismembered, the name has properly been retained by the French authors for the Sacred Beetles; but 
as the names Scarabeus and Heliocantharus ought to be given to those insects, the name Ateuchus must sink 
as a synonym, and not be employed as Messrs. MacLeay and Vigors (Zool. Journ. No. 8.) propose to employ 
it as the generic name for some of the species belonging to Section B, a, in the above Table. 
