166 MR. OWEN ON THE OSTEOLOGY 
My previous observations led to a knowledge only of the size of the permanent teeth, 
and opportunities like the present were wanting to gain an insight into the amount of 
deviation from, or resemblance to the human subject which the Orang presented in 
regard to the order of their development. 
The skull of the Orang here described belonged to an individual measuring from 
the verter to the heel two feet, eleven inches; its native habitat could not be ascer- 
tained with certainty, but I infer from the straightness of the contour of the skull 
between the orbits and intermaxillary bones, from the position of the foramen magnum 
occipitale, and the form of the zygoma and position of its suture, that this immature 
specimen must belong to the large species which inhabits the Island of Borneo (Sima 
Wurmbii.). 
By comparing the side view of this skull with that given in Pl. 55, fig. 2., of the 
First Volume of the Society’s Transactions, it will be seen that a considerable change 
has taken place in the antero-posterior extent of attachment of the temporal muscle ; 
the mastoid ridge has, as it were, shifted its place, and retreated, by progressive 
absorption and deposition, nearer to the occipital plane of the skull. The size of the 
cranial cavity remains unchanged, but its parietes are thickened, especially at the line 
of the lambdoidal suture, preparatory to the development of the great ridge which is 
continued from that part in the adult ; the zygomatic arches are also strengthened, and 
the superior maxillaries more produced, while the intermaxillaries, having given passage 
to the crowns of large permanent incisors, appear to have fallen in; the rami of the 
lower jaw are widened and deepened, and the horizontal portions lengthened in corre- 
spondence with the growth of the upper jaw. The permanent teeth in place in the 
upper jaw are the two middle or anterior incisors, and the first and second molars ; 
the remaining teeth, viz., the lateral incisors, the canines, and the molares, which oc- 
cupy the place of the future bicuspides, belong to the deciduous series. 
In the lower jaw both the middle and lateral permanent incisors are in place, as also 
the first and second permanent molares on each side ; the rest of the teeth consist of 
the deciduous canines and molares, corresponding to those of the upper jaw, together 
with one of the lateral incisors which has not yet been shed, but which retains only an 
insecure attachment in front of the corresponding permanent incisor. 
In two other individuals a little more advanced in age, the two middle permanent incisors of the upper jaw have 
come into place, together with the first permanent molar. M. Temminck describes the second molar in 
these examples as having four tubercles (p. 130.); it is therefore deciduous, and would be replaced by the 
second bicuspis: the third molar which he describes, is the first of the permanent true molares. 
In a female Orang, 2 feet, 4 inches, 6 lines high, the following permanent teeth are in place ; the four lower 
incisors, the two middle upper incisors, the first and second true molares. The permanent teeth yet concealed 
are the lateral upper incisors, the canines, the bicuspides, and dentes sapientie. 
In a male measuring 2 feet, 6 inches, 9 lines in height, probably younger than the preceding, the development 
of the permanent incisors is not so far advanced; the two middle ones of the upper jaw having scarcely pene- 
trated the gum, the rest of the teeth are in the same condition. 
