168 MR. OWEN ON THE OSTEOLOGY 
by a large Orang or Pongo, alike in stature, which exceeds that of any other known 
quadrumanous animal: they are also similar in respect to the formidable nature of their 
dentition, but differ in the form of the cranium, and in some minor external characters. 
The Bornean Pongo, if we may judge from the few specimens undoubtedly from that 
locality which exist in the Museums of this country, is clothed with loose long hair 
_of a deep fuscous colour, approaching in some parts to black’, the Sumatran Pongo is 
covered with loose long hair of a reddish brown colour*. The adult male of the Bornean 
species has the countenance disfigured by large dermal callosities upon the cheek-bones’. 
These do not exist in either sex of the Sumatran species. The osteological differences 
relating to the structure and contour of the cranium have been described in my pre- 
vious communication on this subject, and I now subjoin figures, of the natural size, of 
the cranium of an adult male, undoubtedly from Borneo, (Pl. XXXI. and XXXII.) a 
comparison of which with the figure of the (said to be Sumatran) Orang’s cranium, (Pl. 
LIII. and LIV., vol. i. Trans. Zool. Soc.) will convey an adequate idea of the osteological 
difference alluded to. As the teeth in both these large species of Orang closely resemble 
each other both in form and size, it is impossible to determine from the germs of the 
permanent teeth in the numerous crania of immature Orangs in our Collections, to which 
of the species these crania should be referred. But this is certain, that the species 
called Simia Satyrus by Linneus, and which Fischer inserts in his ‘‘ Synopsis Mam- 
malium,” in addition to the Sima Abelii and Simia Wurmbii, is an Orang Utan in the 
immature state, and with the deciduous teeth. All the crania of the young Orangs 
which I have examined contain in the substance of the maxillary bones, germs of per- 
manent teeth, which from their magnitude prove that the crania must have belonged to 
one or the other of the two great species above mentioned ; but the characters of the 
crania themselves are too feebly developed in the immature state to lead to more than 
a conjectural determination as to which of the species they may belong. 
With respect, however, to the cranium, now to be described, (Pl. XXXIII. and 
XXXIV.) the case is different. The condition of the teeth, which are all of the per- 
manent series and far worn down, testifies that it is not the skull of a young Orang ; 
while the size of the cranium, and the size and proportions of the teeth, indicate plainly 
the existence in Borneo of a species of Orang distinct from the great Simia Wurmbii, 
and altogether of a more anthropoid character. In this species, which I propose to call 
Simia Morio, the canine teeth are relatively smaller than in the female Simia Wurmbui ; 
the whole series of the grinding teeth are smaller, while the superior incisors are nearly 
as large, and the inferior incisors quite as large, as those of Simia Wurmbit. 
1 See the young of this species No. 3, Zoological Society’s Museum, and the specimen in the College of 
Surgeons. 
2 See the adult of this species, No. 2, ibid. 
3 See the figure of the head of the male and female of this species, from specimens in the Royal Museum at 
Leyden, Saturday Magazine, No. 205, Sept. 12, 1835, p. 100. 
