224 MR. R. OWEN ON THE ANATOMY 
roughness which is felt in the tongue of the living animal (Pl. XLI. fig. 3). A dark 
leaden-coloured pigment is developed beneath the epitheliwm, covering the anterior half 
of the tongue, in relation doubtless to its frequent exposure; the pigment assumes a black 
colour over the prominent round obtuse papille which are somewhat sparingly scattered, 
like coarse grains of gunpowder, over the dark-coloured portion of the tongue: from 
fifteen to twenty larger fossulate papille are arranged in an irregular longitudinal row 
on each side of the raised inter-molar part of the tongue. This surface of the tongue 
is otherwise smooth, and does not support any large pointed papillae, like those which 
characterize the corresponding part of the tongue in the Camel and Llama. There is 
a fold of lingual integument on each side of the posterior part of the tongue, which 
is covered with a thicker epithelium, and supports a longitudinal row of pointed 
papille, together with numerous orifices of a thick layer of mucous glands (Pl. XLI. 
fig. 1.). 
On looking down the mouth into the fauces the cavity appears to be as completely 
closed as in the Capibara ; but instead of narrowing in an infundibular form to a small 
circular depression, it is terminated by a transverse slit, through which projects a soft, 
rounded, valvular ridge, formed by the broad superior margin of the epiglottis, which 
is folded down upon itself at that part. The surface of the fauces is broken by large 
risings and depressions, or is coarsely corrugated. (Pl. XLII. fig. 3.) The velum palati, 
when viewed from behind, is seen to descend to the margins of the glottis in the inter- 
space between the epiglottis and the large arytenoid cartilages ; and on raising the soft 
palate, a small process, or rudimental wula, appears, descending from the middle of its 
inferior margin into the open laryngeal fissure ; but it fits only into the posterior part 
of this fissure, the anterior part being defended by two processes of the mucous mem- 
brane of the larynx which are continued from the sides of the base of the epiglottis. 
These processes are thick, of a triangular form, with their apices turned backwards and 
inwards, so as to cover and close the anterior part of the glottis: when the soft palate 
is raised to bring them into view, as in Pl. XLII. fig. 1, they seem like two accessory 
epiglottides ; but they consist merely of a duplicature of mucous membrane. At the 
posterior part of the soft palate there is an oval glandular body about one inch in long 
diameter. 
The tonsils are well-developed glands of a flattened oval form, two inches long, and 
one inch broad ; having each a short duct communicating with the fauces by a single 
wide opening, or fossa, and thus exhibiting a higher type of structure than they present 
in the human subject, where the mucous follicles terminate by several separate aper- 
tures. 
(Esophagus. 
The esophagus, like the other parts running along the neck, is chiefly remarkable for 
its great length. It presents a very regular and uniform diameter throughout (17 inch). 
