OF THE NUBIAN GIRAFFE. 227 
The duodenum is dilated at its commencement ; it receives the biliary and pancreatic 
secretions about ten inches from the pylorus. 
The small intestines are rather tightly bound to the spine in short coils by a narrow 
mesentery, which contained much fat. They were of the following length: 
Cross’s Female. Cross’s Male. | Zool. Male. 
Small Intestines 
Large Intestines 
The small intestines present a pretty uniform size, measuring in circumference four 
inches. The ileum ceases to be convoluted towards its termination, but ascends in a 
straight course and enters the cecwm near the root of the mesentery. The termination 
of the ileum forms a circular tumid lip within the cecum, and presents a less efficient 
mechanical obstacle to regurgitation than in the human subject. 
The cecum is a simple cylindrical gut, as in other Ruminants ; its circumference is 
six inches ; it extends downwards from where the ileum enters, and its blind end ap- 
pears on the left side above the pelvis; but this position might be accidental as its 
connexions are loose. 
The disposition of the colon resembles that of the Deer. The extent of this intestine, 
before it begins to make the spiral or involuted turns, is about eight feet ; it becomes 
narrower where it takes on this characteristic disposition, and the separation of the feces 
into pellets begins at the end of this part. The spiral coils are situated to the left of 
the root of the mesentery, which, with the small intestines, must be turned to the right 
in order to bring them into view: there are four complete gyrations in one direction, 
and four reverse coils in the interspaces of the preceding, the gut being bent back upon 
itself; the length of this part of the intestine, when unravelled, is about fourteen feet. 
The spiral coils are not on the same plane, but form a depressed and oblique cone, whose 
concavity is next the mesentery. The colon, emerging from its coils, passes to the right, 
behind the root of the mesentery, becomes connected with the duodenum and the first 
part of its own course, then winds round to the left of the mesentery, and finally re- 
cedes backwards and descends to form the rectum: I may observe, that in those Ru- 
minants which have soft undivided fzces as the Ox, the coils are less numerous and 
regular, and the colon shorter and wider than in the Giraffe and Deer tribe. 
The Liver is a small viscus, as in most herbivorous Mammalia ; it weighed but six 
pounds, eleven ounces, avoirdupois ; it is of a flattened form, consisting of one lobe, 
with a small posterior Spigelian process; its greatest breadth twelve inches; its antero- 
posterior diameter eight inches. The inferior cava passes through a notch at the poste- 
rior edge of the liver, and does not perforate it. 
As the presence of a gall-bladder distinguishes the hollow-horned from the solid- 
