Pl 256 
XX.—On the Anatomy of the Southern Apteryx (Apteryx australis, Shaw). 
By Professor Owen. 
Communicated April 10, 1838. 
IF the Apteryx of New Zealand were to become extinct and all that remained of it 
after the lapse of one or two centuries for the scrutiny of the Naturalist were a foot in 
one Museum and a head in another, with a few conflicting figures of its external form,— 
one representing it in the attitude of a terrestrial Bird, another, like that in Dr. Shaw’s 
Miscellany ', portraying it erect, like a Penguin*,—the real nature and affinities of this 
most remarkable species would be involved in as much obscurity, and would doubtless 
become the subject of as many conflicting opinions among the Ornithologists of that 
period, as are those of the Dodo at the present day. 
That the opportunities of acquiring a knowledge of the organization of the extinct Bird 
once inhabiting the island of Mauritius should be now irrevocably past, is, I need not say, 
a subject of the deepest regret to every one interested in the advancement of zoological 
science : whether he be engaged as a systematic naturalist in unravelling the intricacies 
of the natural system ; or as a physiologist, in determining the relations which subsist 
between structure and habits ; or as a philosophical anatomist, in investigating the 
principles which regulate the deviations from a typical standard of organization, and 
which always receive their most striking illustrations from-the aberrant forms at the 
confines of a great natural group. 
To prevent the recurrence of similar regrets in reference to the Apteryxr Australis, by 
securing a record of its organization, adequate to the several applications above-men- 
tioned, is the object of the following pages. 
In the year 1833 the only part of the Apteryx which existed in Europe was the stuffed 
skin in the Museum of the Earl of Derby ; this was the original specimen on which 
the genus was founded by Dr. Shaw’; but many years having elapsed without any ad- 
ditional evidence of the bird having reached Europe, the very existence of the species, 
as in the case of the Dodo, began to be called in question. At this time the original and 
unique specimen of the Apteryx was transmitted to the Zoological Society and submitted 
to the free inspection of the Members by their Noble President, and the results of a 
minute and accurate examination of this precious evidence of the rarest and most sin- 
' Naturalist’s Miscellany, pl. 1057, 1058, vol. xxiv. 1813. 
® Whence the name of Apterous Penguin applied to the Apteryx by Dr. Latham, General History of Birds, 
vol. x. p. 394. 3 Loc. cit. 
VOL. Il.—PART IV. 2mu 
