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palings of the paddock. It will scarcely be believed that the colon 
and czecum of this animal weighed 224 lbs.; the liver, as shown in 
the drawing, was covered with large cysts (Echinococci) ; one of them 
contained 8 oz. of yellowish fluid; probably the fluid contents of all 
the cysts amounted to about three pints; but, notwithstanding the 
presence of these Entozoa, the animal appeared to be in perfect 
health. 
In the female African wart-hog (Phacocherus) that recently died 
at the Gardens, the animal had suffered from peritonitis and perfo- 
ration of the intestine. 
Ruminantia.—The inspections of the members of this order have 
been far more numerous than those of the preceding, including some 
of the rarer spevies of deer and antelopes ; their diseases too are of a 
more varied nature; the presence of Hchinococci in the liver, lungs, 
and other viscera, is very frequent. My space will not allow of my 
alluding so fully to some of the morbid conditions which I have found 
in the ruminants as I could wish. Of two giraffes which I inspected, 
one had diseased liver, and the paunch was enormously distended 
with food ; it probably weighed more than a hundred weight, and 
this distension was most likely the cause of death ; the liver and 
spleen both contained acephalocysts the size of a hen’s egg, and the 
buccal glands were filled with chalky concretions about the size of 
peas; this was an old female that had borne six young ones. The 
second was a younger animal, and appeared to die of inflammation of 
the lungs. The alimentary canal of the old giraffe measured 254 feet 
in length, that of the other 209 feet. I mention this, because, as 
these measurements differ materially from those of many who have 
examined other specimens of this animal, future inquirers must deter- 
mine their accuracy. In three reindeer (Cervus tarandus), all in good 
condition, the deaths appeared to arise from enormous distension of 
the paunch, similar to that which sometimes occurs in sheep after 
eating coleworts or other succulent food ; the lichen was probably 
‘not sufficiently dried. In one of these animals the heat of the con- 
tents of the paunch was so great that I could scarcely bear my hand 
upon it. 
"In a Harte Beeste (Antelope caama) I found false aneurism of the 
spleen. Ina Sambur deer (Cervus hippelaphus), in excellent condi- 
tion, nearly the whole of the lining membrane of the small intestines 
was covered with flakes of lymph ; an appearance which I never wit- 
nessed in any other animal. This deer had been lying upon the cold 
ground, and probably the inflammation was thus occasioned. 
Many of the deer and antelopes died from inflammation of the 
lungs, especially those of immature age. Tubercles of the lungs are 
also very common among them. In the old male leucoryx (Antelope 
leucoryx) the lungs were studded with tubercles. A leucoryx a year 
old, got by the above, had not only tubercles in the lungs, but the 
whole length of the exterior of the intestinal tube was covered with 
small, hard, semitransparent tubercles,—a disease in the human sub- 
ject called tubercular peritonitis. This is another instance which 
shows the hereditary nature of tubercle in the lower animals. 
