190 
eight on the outer lip, not extending over the middle; columella 
teeth twenty-three, not so stout as those on the outer lip, forming 
an even line on the inner edge of the aperture; columella smooth, 
sulcated longitudinally, gibbous above and dentated on the extreme 
inner edge. 
Hab. Jarvis Island. 
The above species differs from C. esontropia in colour, being paler, 
and the spots, though similar in shape, are much more remote, the 
extremities more produced, and the flat depression on the middle 
of the outer lip is wanting in C. esontropia. The character of the 
teeth is quite dissimilar, as they are much smaller, greater in number, 
and do not run over the face of the columella. The absence of brown 
rings distinguishes it from C. cumingii and C. gaskoinii. 
3. On THE Causes or DEATH oF THE ANIMALS IN THE So- 
CIETY’S GARDENS, FROM 1851 TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1860. 
By Epwarps Crisp, M.D.—(Part IL.) 
In addition to the remarks I made in my last communication on 
the diseases of the Mammalia, I may mention that biliary concre- 
tions in the gall-bladder have not been met with, although they are 
not uncommon in stall-fed oxen and in sheep fed upon much saccha- 
rine matter. Derangements and alterations in the colour and con- 
sistence of the bile, as shown by the specimens exhibited, are very 
common : this fluid was often found thick and treacle-like, and in one 
instance in an old Leucoryx (Antelope leucoryx) the gall-bladder was 
much enlarged, and contained 4 oz. by measure of dark-coloured 
bile. Caleuli in the urinary bladder I have not met with, although this 
viscus has generally been examined. Eye-diseases are not uncommon, 
—cataract is often present. Of diseases of the ear I believe nothing 
is known in the lower animals; but it is probable that many cases 
of deafness and of disorganization of the auditory apparatus would be 
found, if the subject were inquired into. 
Blood-diseases in mammals, birds, and reptiles, form one of the 
most interesting and instructive part of the inquiry ; but my space 
will not allow me to enter fully into this matter. The blood is often 
found thick and treacle-like, the colour mottled, some of it often of 
a pinky hue; large concretions of fibrine often form in the cavity of 
the heart, and sometimes, I believe, are the means of prolonging life, 
by accommodating the size of the cavity to the diminished power of 
the circulating organ. 
Since our last meeting, the death of the Red River-hog (Potamo- 
cherus penicillatus) has afforded another example of the difficulty of 
arriving at a correct inference respecting the cause of death. The 
stomach of this animal was filled with a mass of short, tough straw, 
which probably the organ was unable to get rid of; the blood *, 
* Dr. Halford, who took the heart home for investigation, confirmed this 
statement respecting the appearance of the blood; he found also some amount 
of inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart. 
