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the great hill at Pinang at a distance from water.’ Like the other 
genera of that family, it has very short toes on both the hind and 
fore feet, which are all united together into a club-like foot, with only 
the claws separate,—very unlike the distinct, more or less webbed 
toes of the Freshwater Tortoises or Hmydide, with which it has been 
hitherto united. Its fore-feet are covered with very large, thick, 
triangular scales, like the feet of the genus Kinizys; and it has the 
spur-like conical scale, situated between the hinder thigh and the 
base of the tail, which is found in several genera of this family. 
It is easily known from all the other genera of the Emydide, and 
from the more terrestrial genera of the family, by the small size and 
position of the pectoral plates and the divided caudal plate. 
The pectoral plates in some genera of the Freshwater Tortoises, as 
in Kinosternon and Sternotherus, are smaller than the other plates, 
and narrowed on the inner edge; but I do not know of any genus 
where they are reduced to such a small size and removed so far towards 
the outer edge of the sternum as in the one under consideration. 
The separation of the caudal plates, which is universal in all the 
Freshwater Tortoises and Marine Turtles which have come under my 
examination, is not found in any other genus of Land Tortoises that 
I am aware of: but in several species of the true Testudines there is 
a more or less distinct groove, showing where the plates are united ; 
and in Manouria they are quite separate. 
The head is covered with symmetrical small shields. The jaws are 
crenulated on the edge, without any distinct sharp hook at the top 
of the upper one. The neck is covered with small granular scales. 
The fore-feet are depressed, club-shaped, covered with large, thick, 
triangular, sharp-tipped shields, forming five rather irregular rows 
on the front or upper surface. The outer side of the under surface 
and the soles of the fore-feet are covered with large flattened plates. 
The fore-claws are five in number, large, thick, conical, acute, and 
nearly of an equal size, the outer one being rather the smallest. The 
hind-feet are large, with four very large, strong, conical, acute claws, 
the outer one on each foot being rather smaller than the others, 
which are all of equal size. The soles of the hind-feet are covered 
with large unequal-sized scales—those on the hinder edge being 
largest, thick, conical, trihedral, and prominent. 
On each side of the hinder part of the body, near the tail, is a group 
of large triangular scales,—the hindermost, nearest the base of the 
tail, being very large, conical, and prominent, forming a large spur. 
Tail short, conical, with three rows of flat shields above, and three 
or four rows of squarer, smaller ones beneath. 
The Manouria fusca appears to inhabit Pinang, where Dr. Cantor 
says it is ‘‘ found on the great hill at Pinang at a distance from water ;” 
also Java, as I cannot discover from Mr. Le Conte’s description that 
there is any specific difference between his Teleopus luxatus and my 
species from Pinang ; and likewise Australia, for the specimen which 
we have received from Mr. Gould is marked the “ Murray River 
Tortoise,’ and it came with a collection of the skins of mammalia 
and reptiles which are all Australian, There is very little difference 
