TABLE OF CONTENTS. ix 



Part III. 

 Organs and Systems of Organs. 



PAGE 



I. The Morphological and Physiological Relations of Org-ans . 155 



A. The Principal Forms of Organs 155 



B. Modification of Organs 157 



(a) Modification of Stem and Root 157 



{b) Modification of the Phyllome 159 



Critical Observations on the Distinction of Organs , , . 163 



C. The Complex Organ : Shoot 165 



D. Metamorphosis and Correlation 167 



II. Origin and Position of Lateral Organs and the Causes for 



Their Definitive Position 168 



A. Spiral Arrangement of Leaves. Theories of Phyllotaxy . . 171 



B. The Determination of a Divergence 174 



C. The Mechanical Theory of Phyllotaxy and the Idealistic Concep- 



tion of Nature ... 175 



III. Difference in the Power of Development of the Members of 



Equal Morphological Value. Classification of Organ-systems 179 



A. Intioresceuce 181 



(«) Racemose Inflorescence 183 



{b) Puniculose Inflorescence 182 



(fi) Cicinnose Inflorescence 182 



B. Rank and Succession of Shoots 183 



Part IV. 



Reprodnction. 



Introduction 185 



I. Reproduction among Cryptogams 188 



A. Forms of Reproduction among Algae . .■ . . . . 192 



B. Forms of Reproduction among Fungi 194 



II. A Comparative Study of Reproduction and Alternation of 



Generation in Mosses, Vascular Cryptogams, and Phanero- 

 gams 200 



Gymnosperms and Angiosperras . , 210 



III. The Phanerogamic Flower 213 



A. Calyx, Corolla, Nectaries. The Flower as a Whole . . . 214 



B. The Stamens and Pollen-grains 223 



C. The Gyncecium. The Ovule with the Embryo-sac before and 



after Fertilization 227 



IV. The Morphology and Physiology of the Seed and Fruit of 



Phanerogams 231 



Germination 237 



V. The General Physiology of Reproduction 238 



A. Agents in Fertilization. Cross-pollination. Self-pollination , 238 



