Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



IV. The Function of the Conducting System 70 



Consideration of the Conducting System in Itself and in Its 



Rehition to the Mechanical System 70 



(a) The Various Cell-forms 70 



{b) The Laticiferous Tissue .76 



(c) The Stem-structure of Mosses and Vascular Cryptogams . 78 

 {d) The Stem of Monocotyledons, Dicotyledons, and Gymno- 



sperms 80 



(c) Growth in Thickness among Dicotyledons and Monocoty- 

 ledons by Means of the Cambium 87 



(/) Abnormal Structure of Stems 94 



{g) The Structure of Roots 95 



(A) Anatomy of the Transition-zone between the Stem and 



the Root 98 



(t) The Special Physiology of the Movements of Food-sub- 

 stances and Water in Plants 99 



a. Conduction of Albumen 99 



ft. Conduction of Carbohydrates 101 



y. Conduction of Water 103 



Protective Sheath or Endoderm. (Concluding Chapter to the 



Three Foregoing Ones on Special Functions.) .... 112 



V. Protection of the Meristematic Areas of the Plant-body . . 115 

 {a) "Phe Protection for the Terminal Meristematic Areas of the 



Plant-body 115 



a. Protection of the Root-tip 115 



ft. The Protection of the Stem-apex 118 



y. Protection of the Leaf-tip 119 



(6) Protection for Areas of Intercalary Growth .... 119 

 VI. Food-substances Derived from the Atmosphere. Assimilation 



of Carbon in Green Organs 122 



{a) The Structural Principles of the Assimilating System . . 123 



(&) Movements and Changes in Form of Chlorophyll-bodies . 128 



(c) The Chemistry and Pliysiology of Chlorophyll . . . 128 



VII. The Function of Aeration Ib2 



{a) The Structure and Function of Breathing-pores (Stomata) 135 



{b) Lenticels 138 



VIII. The Function of Roots 139 



(a) Subterranean Roots 139 



ib) Aerial Roots 140 



IX. The Appropriation of Assimilated Food-substances . . . 141 



(a) Condition of Seeds before the Beginning of Assimilation . 142 



{b) Nutrition of Saprophytes and Parasites 143 



(c) Symbiosis 145 



id) Insectivorous Plants 148 



X. The Storing and Function of Reserve Material . . . 150 



{a) Storing of Water 150 



(b) The Storing of Starch and Other Food-substances, Espe- 



cially the Albuminous Substances 151 



XI. Secretion 152 



