194 COMPENDIUM OF GENERAL EOT ANT. 



plislied by means of the vegetative jjrotonema (Zweigvorkeime) ; 

 in the latter group occasionally by means of swarm-spores (A. 

 Bbaun, Pkingsheim). 



Among FuGoideoB sexual reproduction is known in only a few 

 cases. Much is yet to be discovered, though in some respects our 

 knowledge concerning the comparative significance of the phe- 

 nomena of reproduction is quite exact. The difference in the 

 phenomena of reproduction in Facoidece and Florideoe may be 

 readily explained from a teleological standpoint. The spermato- 

 zoids of FiicoidecB have cilia, therefore possess autonomous move- 

 ment, while tlie fertilizing elements of Floridece (red marine algae) 

 are without cilia, and hence motionless, and are called " spermatia " 

 (o Tiep^a^ seed). In perfect harmony ^nth such facts we find that 

 the egg- cell of Fucoidece is first set free and is endowed with 

 autonomous movement, and may be reached by the equally free 

 swimming spermatozoids. Among FlorideoB fertilization is accom- 

 plished by the female organ (" carpogone ") sending out a hair- 

 like structure (" trichogyne ") from t\iQ fixed egg-cell to which 

 the spermatia become attached. Floridem also reproduce asexually 

 by means of ' ' tetraspores ' ' ; these are formed by each mother- 

 cell dividing into four parts (Boenet, Thuket, Pkingsheim, and 

 others), 



B. Forms of Reproduction among Fungi. 



The following is a brief summary of the chief forms of rej^ro- 

 duction among the fungi. Asexual reproduction predominates. 

 The asexual spores are produced either endogenously or exoge- 

 nously. When exogenous, either basipetally or acropetally on the 

 basidia or immediately on the mycelium. (The exogenous spores 

 are sometimes called conidia in distinction to the endogenously pro- 

 duced endospores.') 



AVe will first mention the two groups Zygomycetes and Oomy- 

 cetes in which sexual reproduction usually occurs. As the names 

 would indicate, we have conjugation with the formation of zygo- 

 spores in the former group, and oospore-formation in the latter 

 group. In the genus Mueor endospore-formation also occurs, 

 ("mould" on bread, fruit, old damp clothing, leather, etc., be- 

 longs to Mueor.) Finally, we will mention Brefeld's chlamydo- 

 gpore-formation as an asexual mode of reproduction. By this is 



