i8 



the light of a costly toy; it is now the inseparable 

 companion of the man of science. 



To the chemist new certainties have been added in the 

 testing of fluids and solids, m the minute observation of 

 he form and deposition of crystals, and in the idenufica- 

 ;-on of substances by the nature of their partic es^ 

 Polarization enables the chemist on a large sugar esta e 

 to estimate beforehand how many tons of sugar per acre 

 can be obtained from the juice of a few sugar canes 

 chosen haphazard from the miles of wavmg reeds. 



To the study of botany has been added the power to 

 differentiate the structure and uses of the different tissues 

 in the plant. 



Theory is reduced to certainty, classification is made 

 easier Foodstuffs are analysed, and impurities can be 

 detected- so that the rascally purveyor of adulterated 

 t'ds ca; no longer impose upon the public. One starch 

 is like another, but under the microscope how different^ 

 t IS now so easy to see the change in the single cell and 

 ve watch the protoplasm streaming in the hairs abcait 

 'he stamen of Tradescantia, we have almost unravelled 

 the mystery of life itself. 



How different from the days when Malpighi first 

 described the plant as made up of "utricles." His utricle 

 our cell but unlike our cell, the wall alone mattered o> 

 ,,,,. To-day we are more concerned about its cor.en s 

 which, early in 1800, Robert Brown observed, lo hmi 

 Ly be accorded the honour of noticing the nucleus 

 Tough the protoplasm which surrounded it he thought 

 no more of than to call it gum. 



From 1810-1882 Schleiden and Theodore Schwann 

 worked hard at the theory of cells, and the latter s book 

 Zs been published by the Sydenham Society. He was a 

 pupil of Johannes MiiUer, a famous professor of 



