242 MaAcKENZIE: Nores ON CAREX 
what to much exceeding the head; second bract when present 
much smaller; scales of pistillate flowers triangular-lanceolate, the 
middle and lower strongly rough-cuspidate, narrower than but 
exceeding the perigynia (usually strongly so), with green, about 3- 
nerved center and hyaline often brownish-tinged margins ; peri- 
gynia obpyramidiform, nearly orbicular in cross-section, swollen 
and squarrose at maturity, tapering at base, somewhat tapering at 
the blunt or slightly pointed apex, glabrous, green or becoming 
brownish at maturity, rather strongly and coarsely ribbed, 2.5-3 
mm. long, 1.5-2 mm. wide, the orifice entire or minutely emargi- 
nate ; achenes strongly triangular, obovoid, large, sometimes 2.5 
mm. long a and 1.8 mm. wide; style persistent, bent ; stigmas three. 
The above species is ied primarily on Mr. B. F. Bush’s zo. 
2514, collected April 30, 1905, at Fulton, Arkansas, and preserved 
in my own herbarium, but it seems common enough, and from the 
descriptions there can be no doubt that the synonyms quoted above 
belong here. I first became acquainted with this plant in 1896 
when botanizing on the prairie at Waldo Park, immediately south 
of Kansas City, Missouri, in company with Mr. Bush, and since 
then have gradually been accumulating a series of specimens. I 
am glad indeed to be able to associate Mr. Bush’s name with the 
present plant, and as he seems to have collected more material of 
it than any other botanist it seems peculiarly appropriate to do so. 
Study in recent years has shown that Carex hirsuta Willd. of 
the earlier botanists is undoubtedly an aggregate, and all modern 
students of the group have treated it either as containing more than 
one species, or as one species with several strongly marked vari- 
eties. The former course seems to me much the more scientific 
and is accordingly adopted here. The division here made of the 
old Carex hirsuta has been primarily based on the shape of the 
perigynium. In the plant of Willdenow this is much flattened, 
ascending, rounded at apex, and more nerved than ribbed. In 
the other group it is inflated, squarrose, suborbicular in cross- 
section, pointed at the apex, and strongly ribbed at least towards 
the apex. The first group is represented by Carex hirsuta Willd. 
and Carex triceps Michx., the former differing from the latter only 
in the more developed pubescence of the leaves, a character which 
a large series of specimens shows is of no value. 
The second group is represented by Carex caroliniana Schwein. 
as well as by Carex Bushii here described. The large green 
