542 RypBerc: Rocky MOUNTAIN FLORA 
species. It seems as if it should be unnecessary to propose more, 
but it has been impossible for me to include the following four 
in any known species. ‘ 
“ Carduus polyphyllus sp. nov. 
Carduus scopulorum Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 449. 1900. 
Not C. scopulorum Greene. 1892. 
Perennial; stem stout, 3-8 dm. high, very leafy, angled, arach- 
noid-hairy; leaves 1-2 dm. long, linear in outline, deeply pinnati- 
fid, with lanceolate divisions ending in yellow spreading spines, 
green on both sides, sparingly arachnoid-hairy; heads hemis- 
pheric, about 3 cm. high and broad, usually numerous, sessile 
in the axils of the leaves, often forming a leafy spike 2-3 dm. long; 
bracts linear-subulate, densely arachnoid-hairy, the outer with 
rather long yellow spines often 1 cm. long, the inner attenuate 
into slender straight tips; corollas straw-colored; pappus plumose 
with slender, barbellate tips. 
In my Flora of Montana, I referred this species to Carduus 
scopulorum Greene. The latter was based on Cnicus eriocephalus 
or Cirsium eriocephalum A. Gray, the type of which was collected 
by Parry in Colorado. The rather common Colorado plant is 
characterized by its leaves, which are grayish-tomentose beneath, 
and by its heads conglomerate at the end of the stem, forming a 
cluster which at first is nodding. Carduus polyphyllus is more 
closely related to C. Kelseyi and C. Tweedyi. From the latter it 
differs in the straw-colored instead of red corollas, the narrower 
bracts, and more numerous Jeaf-lobes, and from the former in 
the deeply dissected and decidedly crisp leaves. If the leaves are 
lobed at all in C. Kelseyi the spines are directed forward and the 
blades are almost perfectly flat. 
Montana: Mountains near Indian Creek, July 21, 1897, 
Rydberg & Bessey 5216 (type, in herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.); Park 
Co., Aug., 1887, Tweedy 349. 
“Carduus Butleri sp. nov. 
Perennial or biennial; stem angled, striate, purple, sparingly 
arachnoid-hairy, very leafy, 6-10 dm. high or more; leaves linear- 
oblanceolate or linear, almost entire or sinuately lobed, spinulose- 
ciliate and if lobed the short lobes ending in slightly stronger 
spines, green and sparingly arachnoid above, grayish-tomentose 
