BRAINERD: VIOLA PALMATA AND ITS ALLIES 583 
V. palmata in his Ill. Flora [2: 446] well represents the species in 
question, except that the leaves in the types are not so much 
lobed,’’—i. e., have fewer lobes. The Linnaean species are often 
composite; but even should this prove to be the case with his V. 
palmata, we have abundant warrant for restricting the name to 
the extant specimens cited by him,—the species earliest described, 
and known to botanists since the publication of the Species 
Plantarum as Viola palmata. 
{ recognize three forms, or geographical races, of V. palmata 
in the eastern United States: 
1. The form of the coastal plains of the south Atlantic States. 
—TI have grown now for three seasons vigorous plants of this from 
central Florida, kindly sent me by Mrs. Agnes Chase. I collected 
it near Jacksonville, in March, 1909; and near Eutaw Springs, 
S. C., in March, 1907. Frequent colonies were seen for a stretch 
of ten or twelve miles along the old turnpike from Charleston to 
Columbia; but here grew also colonies of V. trileba, and hybrids 
between them. However, most plants were pure and quite like 
those of Florida. The leaves in March are rather deeply 5-7- 
lobed, the outer margin distantly serrate, the lower surface often 
purplish; the late summer leaves—of plants grown—were 6-10 
cm. wide, the basal lobes often much dilated and coarsely toothed, 
the lobes between the basal and the medial long and narrow. 
2. The upland form along the Alleghanies from northern 
Georgia to western Massachusetts.—This is rarely found near the 
coast in the Middle Atlantic States; but occurs near the Blue 
Ridge in Virginia and Pennsylvania, across northern New Jersey, 
on shady ledges of the lower Hudson, New York, in Connecticut 
especially on hills of trap, and at Great Barrington, Massachusetts. 
The leaf of this form is often somewhat elongate, and has more 
numerous and shorter incisions than the southern form. It is 
well figured in the Illustrated Flora. 
3. The form of the Great Lakes region, from the south shore 
of Lake Ontario to Minnesota.—This is marked by long, narrow, 
and still more numerous lobes, often as many as thirteen. It is 
referred to by Dr. Britton in the Illustrated Flora, asa “form with 
the lateral leaf-lobes linear, perhaps distinct.” In the Britton 
Manual it is put forth as ‘““V. Bernardi Greene” by Mr. Pollard, 
