586 BRAINERD: VIOLA PALMATA AND ITS ALLIES 
will trace the veins of the extra lobe downward, they will be found 
to coalesce with the veins of the basal lobe before they together 
join the midvein from the medial. Mr. Witmer Stone in his 
paper on the violets of Philadelphia and vicinity has figured* 
thirteen leaves of this species, and without intention, perhaps, 
has displayed their pedate character. 
I have collected V. triloba as far south as Savannah, Ga., and 
as far north as Orwell, Vt. Between these latitudes it occurs 
from the coast westward across the Appalachian Mountains, 
though not at high altitudes northward. 
The radical difference between Viola triloba and V. palmata 
will appear more pronounced after we have discussed another 
long misunderstood type of our early botanists, the V. palmata, 
var. DILATATA of Elliott. It has appeared in recent articles and 
text-books as equivalent to V. triloba; but an attentive reading 
of Elliott’s description ought to convince an experienced botanist 
to the contrary, for Elliott’s plant has deeply parted leaves. He 
reports it as common in the uplands of Georgia and Carolina; 
surely it ought to be identified. After visiting this region in 
April for three successive years, I am satisfied that it is the same 
thing that Professor Greene published, in January, 1899, as V. 
falcata. (Pittonia 4: 3.) 
First let us place side by side the descriptions of these two 
types. Some of the clauses from Elliott are rearranged to bring 
out the parallelism, but no word is altered or omitted; the clauses 
from Greene covering the same points are given in the finer type 
beneath. 
Exiiotr: c. dilatata: with leaves deeply three parted, 
GREENE: ee * ieee deltoid outline primarily deeply cleft or even divided into 
the middle segment large, toothed; 
of which the middle one is usually simple } remotely toothed above the 
middl 
: the 
lanceolate or rhombic-lanceolate, eor even throughout. 
the lateral segments 2 cleft, - 
the lateral divisions mostly cut into two or more lobes or subdivisions, 
the exterior division dilated and toothed, oe dissected; 
of which the outer are more or less notably lunate or falca 
*Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1903: pl. 33. 
