418 TOKUYASU KUDO 



Liver 



At autopsy, the liver usually appears somewhat hyperemic^ 

 the capsule being normal. In the acute-thirst series (table 2) 

 the liver shows a loss of 37 per cent in average weight and in the 

 chronic-thirst series a loss of 55.3 per cent. In the rat (Si. 2) 

 after total inanition (table 1) the apparent loss in weight of the 

 liver is 53 per cent. Thus it is evident that the liver during 

 thirst has lost weight in nearly the same proportion as the whole 

 body, but relatively more in the chronic-thirst series and during 

 total inanition. 



Of other investigators on the effects of thirst, Falck and Scheffer 

 ('54) found a loss of 25.3 per cent in the liver weight (body weight, 



— 20.7 per cent). In dogs and rabbits with loss of 50 per cent 

 in body weight, Bowin ('80) found the loss in liver weight similar 

 to that during total inanition. Finally, in three dogs after exper- 

 imental diarrhea with loss in body weight of 22.7 to 29.8 per 

 cent, Tobler ('10) noted a loss of 17.9 to 34.8 per cent in the 

 weight of the liver. 



In albino rats subjected to inanition with water, Jackson ('15) 

 obtained a loss of 58 per cent in the acute tests (body weight, 



— 33.9 per cent) and of 43 per cent in the chronic tests (body 

 weight, —36.1 per cent). He cites numerous data from previous 

 observers indicating that in man and other species the liver 

 invariably decreases markedly in weight during inanition (with or 

 without water) . The loss is nearly always relatively greater than 

 that of the body as a whole. Lasarew ('95) found that the loss 

 in the weight of the liver in the guinea-pig is relatively greater 

 during the earlier stages of inanition. McCarrison ('19) finds an 

 atrophy of the liver of pigeons and monkeys on vitamine-deficient 

 diets. 



Pancreas 



The pancreas, especially in the case of the thirst experiments, 

 appears atrophic and is rather difficult to dissect out from the 

 surrounding adipose tissue, omentum, and lymphatic glands. 

 The pancreas in the acute- thirst series shows a loss of 53.1 per 

 cent in average weight (table 2), and in the chronic-thirst series 



