420 TOKUYASU KUDO 



Following the inanition of albino rats with water, Jackson ('15) 

 found a loss of 57 per cent in the gastro-intestinal tract of both 

 the acute- and chronic-inanition series (bod}^ weight loss 33.9 

 and 36.1 per cent). He cites previous observations by Sedlmair 

 ('99), indicating in the cat during inanition a loss in the intestinal 

 tract proportional to that in bod}^ weight, and a relatively smaller 

 loss observed by Voit ('66). McCarrison ('19) finds marked 

 inflammatory changes with degenerative atrophy of the gastric 

 and intestinal mucosa in pigeons, guinea-pigs, and monkeys on 

 vitamine-deficient diets. 



Kidneys and bladder 



Kidneys. At autopsy the kidneys usually appear hyperemic. 

 In a few cases the surface was roughened. The capsule is easily 

 removed. The kidneys in the acute-thirst series (table 2) show 

 a loss of 23.8 per cent in average weight and in the chronic-thirst 

 series a loss of 31.4 per cent. In the rat (Si. 2) after total inani- 

 tion (table 1) the apparent loss in the weight of the kidneys is 

 30.5 per cent. In all of these it appears that the kidneys lose 

 in weight relatively less than the body as a whole, thus gaining 

 in relative (percentage) weight. 



In thirst experiments on the dog, Falck and Scheffer ('54) 

 likewise found the loss in the kidnej^s and ureters (—8.7 per 

 cent) less than in the whole body ( —20.7 per cent). Tobler ('10) 

 found in three dogs after experimental diarrhea a loss of 5.64, to 

 30.1 per cent in kidney weight (body weight loss 22 to 30 per cent) . 

 Durig ('01), however, in dehydrated frogs found a relative 

 increase in the w^eight of the kidneys. 



In rats after inanition with water, Jackson ('15) found a loss of 

 25.5 per cent in the acute series (body weight, —33.9 per cent) 

 and of 26.8 per cent in the chronic series (body weight, —36.1 

 per cent). He cites results from previous observers likewise 

 indicating for other animals (in most cases) a loss in kidney 

 weight relatively less than in body weight in inanition with or 

 without w^ater. McCarrison ('19) likewise finds an atrophy of 

 the kidneys in pigeons and monkeys on vitamine-free diets. 



