FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS 51 



Meanwhile, those parts of the pistil which contain 

 each one its little seed get harder, but not bigger. And 

 as the berry increases in size they slowly separate, 

 going farther and farther apart, till at last they are 

 scattered all over the crimson surface, as you will see 

 in any ripe strawberry. Those small, yellow, seed-like 

 things are really dried-up pistil-remains, each having 

 its own seed inside. 



The Raspberry follows quite another plan. Here we 

 find not ten, but five sepals, and also five petals. And 

 here again — as with many flowering plants — ^there is 

 the receptacle from which the pistils grow. But in 

 this case it is not the receptacle which swells into a 

 luscious fruit. 



If you look closely at a ripe Raspberry you will see, 

 rising from its rather lumpy surface, a number of tiny 

 threads. They are the remains of the pistil-styles ; 

 and so the ripe parts of the Raspberry are actually the 

 pistils, which have changed into this soft state, pressed 

 closely together. And the hard part within, from 

 which you pull the ripe berry, is the dried-up remains 

 of the receptacle, which has given up all its juices to 

 feed the growing fruit. 



With Apples and Pears we have again a different 

 structure. In their flowers also are found the five 

 calyx-divisions, and the five petals, and the many 

 stamens. When an apple is fully ripe, you see at the 

 end farthest from the stalk a dried-up something, 

 which is just the remainder of part of the sepals. But 

 part of those same sepals has united with the pistil, 

 to grow into a beautiful and refreshing fruit, in the 



