FRINGILLID^-THE FINCHES. 



5 S atrigularis. Head and neck all round, and rump, uniform 

 dark ash, gradually fading into white on the abdomen; wmg- 

 bands indistinct; bill light brownish-red. Ad. Lores, chm and 

 upper part of throat black. Juv. without black about the head. 

 (E-s unknown.) Hab. Adjacent portions of Mexico and southern 

 Middle Province of United States (Fort Whipple, Arizona, Coues; 

 Cape St. Lucas, Xantus). 



Spizella monticola, Baird. 



TREE SPARROW. 



FringiUa monticola, Gm. Syst. Nat. I. 1788, 912. ^^^^'^''f^^^''''''f!''^^^^^^^ 



Spinitesmonticolus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. 1851, 134. ^^^f "^ ™'''^^"''^^\^^'^;' ^"'^ 

 N Am 1858 472. - Coues, P. A. N.S. 1861, 224 (Labrador). -Cooper & Suckley, 

 Llwashin ton Ter.). -Dal. & Ba.xisxek. Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, ^85^ - Coopek 

 Orn. Cal. L 206. -Samuels, 317. Passer canadensis, Bkisson, Orn. "' ™, 102. 

 FringiUa canadensis, Lath. Index, I, 1790, 434. - AuD. Orn Biog. II, 1834, 511 

 V 504 pl.clxxxviii.-MAX.Cab.Jour. VI, 1858, 280. Emberaa canadens^s, i.^y. 

 F B Am II, 1831, 252. - Auu. Syn. 1839. - Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 8 pi. clxv. 

 Spizella canadensis, BoN. List, 1838. - Ib. Conspectus, 1850, 480. Fr^n,^Ua arborea 

 WiLs. Am. Orn. II, 1810, 12, pi. xii, f. 3. Moineaic du Canada, Buffon, PI. Lnl. 

 223, f. 2. " Mountain Finch," Lath. Syn. H, i, 265. 



Sp. Char. 



Middle of back with the feathers dark brown centrally, then rufous, and 

 edged with pale fulvous (sometimes with whit- 

 ish). Hood and upper part of nape continuous 

 chestnut; a line of the same from behind the 

 eye, as well as a short maxillary stripe. Sides 

 of head and neck ashy. A broad light super- 

 ciliary band. Beneath whitish, tinged with ful- 

 vous ; the throat with ashy; a small circular 

 blotch of brownish in the middle of the upper 

 part of the breast ; the sides chestnut. Edges of 

 tail-feathers, primary quills, and two bands across 

 the tips of the secondaries, white. Tertiaries 

 nearly black ; edged externally with rufous, turn- 

 ing to white near the tips. Lower jaw yellow ; 

 upper black. Young bird streaked on throat 

 and breast, as well as on crown. Length, 6.25 

 inches ; wing, .3.00. 



Hab. Eastern North America to the Missouri, north to Arctic Ocean ; also on Pole 

 Creek and Little Colorado River, New Mexico ; Western Nevada. 



This species varies in the amount of whitish edging to the quills and 



tail. 



Habits. Essentially a northern bird, the Tree Sparrow breeds m higli 

 Arctic regions, only appearing in winter within the United States. It is then 

 common as far south as Pennsylvania. A few winter in South Carolina. 



It arrives on the Saskatchewan in the latter part of April, where it only 



Spizella monticola. 



