100 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Crest-feathers stiff and compact. No black above, or on lores ; crest 

 pure vermilion; rump light vermilion, much lighter than the back, which 

 is without gray edges to feathers. Culmen, .75; gonys, .39; height of 

 bill, .67 ; wing, 3.50 ; tail, 3.90 ; crest, 2.20. Female. Lining of wing 

 buff; above ashy-olivaceous, becoming pure ash on head and neck, 

 except their under side. Crest-feathers vermilion with black shafts; 

 no red tinge on wings, and only a slight tinge of it on tail. Forepart 

 of cheeks and middle of throat white ; rest of lower part deep ochra- 

 ceous. Black around bill as in the male. Hub. Northern South 

 America; Venezuela; New Granada. 



Cardinalis virginianus, Bonap. 



BEDBIED; CARDINAL 6K0SBEAE. 



Coccothraustes virginiana, Brisson, Orn. Ill, 1760, 253. Loxia cardinalis, LiNN. Syst. I, 

 1766, 300. — Wilson, Am. Orn. II, 1810, 38, pi. vi, f. 1, 2. Coccothraustes cardinalis, 

 ViEiLL. Diet. Fringilla {Coccothraustes) cardinalis, Bon. Obs. Wils. 1825, No. 79. 

 Fringilla cardinalis, Nutt. Man. I, 1832, 519. — AuD. Orn. Biog. II, 1834, 336; 

 V, 514, pi. clix. Pitylus cardinQLlis, AuD. Syn. 1839, 131. — Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 

 198, pi. cciii. Cardinalis virginianus, Bon. List, 1838. — Ib. Consp. 1850, 501. — 

 Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 509. —Max. Cab. J. VI, 1858, 268. Grosbec de Virginie, 

 Buff. PI. enl. 37. 



Sp. Char. A flattened crest of feathers on the crown. Bill red. Body generally 

 bright vermilion-red, darker on the back, rump, and tail. The feathers of the back 



and rump bordered with brownish-gray. Narrow 

 band around the base of the bill, extending to eyes, 

 with chin and upper part of the throat black. 



Ferriale of a duller red, and this only on the 

 wings, tail, and elongated feathers of the crown. 

 Above light olive ; tinged with yellowish on the 

 head ; beneath brownish-yellow, darkest on the 

 sides and across the breast. Black about the head 

 only faintly indicated. Length, 8.50 ; wing, 4.00 ; 

 tail, 4.50; culmen, .75; depth of bill, .58; breadth 

 of upper mandible, .35. (28,286 (J, Mount Carrael, 

 Southern Illinois.) 



Hab. More southern portions of United States 

 to the Missouri. Probably along valley of Rio 

 Grande to Rocky Mountains. 



Cardinalis virsinianus. 



The bill of this species is very large, and 

 shaped much as in Hedymeles ludovicianus. 

 The central feathers of the crest of the crown are lonoer than the lateral ; 

 they spring from about the middle of the crown, and extend back about an 

 inch and a half from the base of the bill. The wings are much rounded, 

 the fourth longest, the second equal to the seventh, the first as long as the 

 secondaries. The tail is long, truncate at the end, but graduated on the 

 sides ; the feathers are broad to the end, truncated obliquely at the end. 



