316 



NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Texas as to warrant its introduction into our fauna. We have, however, 

 conchided to give in the present work nothing but what has actually been 

 found within its prescribed limits. 



Tyr annus carolinensis, Baird. 



KINGBIRD; BEE MARTIN. 



? Lanius tyrannus, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 136. This belongs to the Cuban T. matutinuSy 

 according to Bonaparte. Muscicapa tyrannus, (Brisson ?) Wilson, Am. Orn. I, 1808, 

 66, pi. xiii. — AuD. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 403 ; V, 1839, 420, pi. Ixxix. — Ib. Birds 

 Am. I, 1840, 204, pi. Ivi. Lanius tyrannus, var. y, carolinensis, 5, Itidovicianus, 

 Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I, 1788, 302. Muscicapa rex, Barton, Fragments N. H. Penna. 

 1799, 18. Tyrannus pipiri, Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept. I, 1807, 73, pi. xliv. — Cab. 

 Journ. Orn. Ill, 1855, 478. — ScL. List, 1862, 236. Tyrannus intrcjndus, Vieillot, 

 Galerie Ois. I, 1824, 214, pi. cxxxiii. — Swainson, Mon. Ty. Shrikes, Quart. Jour. 

 1826, 274. Muscicapa animosa. Light. Verz. Doubl. 1823, No. 558. Gobe Mouche 

 de la Caroline, Buffon, Ois. V, 281, enl. pi. 676. Tyrannus leucogaster, Stephens, 

 Shaw, Gen. Zobl. XIIl, ii, 1826, 132. Tyrannus carolinensis, Baird, Birds N. Am. 

 1858, 171. — Caban. Mus. Hein. II, 79. — Lord, Pr. R. A. Inst. IV, 64, 113. — 

 Cooper & Suckley, 167. — Samuels, 128. — Cooper, Orn. Cal. I, 1870, 311. 



Sp. Char. Two, sometimes three, outer primaries abruptly attenuated at the end. 

 Second quill longest ; third little shorter ; first rather longer than fourth, or nearly equal. 



Tail slightly rounded. Above dark bluish-ash. 

 The top and sides of the head to beneath the 

 eyes bluish-black. A concealed crest on the 

 crown vermilion in the centre, white behind, and 

 before partially mixed with orange. Lower 

 parts pure white, tinged with pale bluish-ash on 

 the sides of the throat and across the breast ; 

 sides of the breast and under the wings similar 

 to, but rather lighter than, the back. Axillaries 

 pale grayish -brown tipped with lighter. The 

 wdngs dark brown, darkest towards the ends of 

 the quills.; the greater coverts and quills edged 

 with white, most so on the tertials ; the lesser 

 coverts edged with paler. Upper tail-coverts 

 and upper surface of the tail glossy black, the 

 latter very dark brown beneath ; all the feathers tipped, and the exterior margined 

 externally with white, forming a conspicuous terminal band about .25 of an inch broad. 

 Length, 8.50 ; wing, 4.65 ; tail, 3.70 ; tarsus, .75. 



Had. Eastern North America to Rocky Mountains. Occasional in various parts of the 

 Western Province (Washington Territory, Salt Lake Valley, Truckee River, Nevada, 

 etc.). South to Panama. Oaxaca, lowlands, March (Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, 302) ; Honduras 

 (Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, 55) ; Guatemala (Scl. Ibis I, 120) ; Cuba (Cab. J. Ill, 476 ; 

 GrUNDL. Rep. 1865, 239, '' T. pipiri"); Panama, (Mus. S. L; Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Lye. 

 VII, 295) ; Greytown, Nic. (Lawr. Ann. VIII, 183) ; East of San Antonio, Texas 

 (Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 472 ; breeds) ; Upper Amazon, Peru, Nauta (Scl. and Salv. P. Z. S., 

 1866, 189) ; Vera Cruz, hot region, resident (Sumichrast, M. B. S. I, 557). 



Tyrannus carolinensis. 



The young of the year is similar ; the colors duller, the concealed colored 



