496 NOKTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



Common Characters. Bill ivory-white. Body entirely glossy blue-black. A 

 scapular stripe, secondaries, ends of inner primaries, and under wing-coverts, 

 white. Crest scarlet in the male, black in the female. 



1. C. principalis. A white stripe on each side of the neck. Bristly 

 feathers at tlie base of the bill white. 



White neck-stripe not extending to the base of the bill. Black 

 feathers of crest longer than the scarlet. Wing, 10.00 ; culmen, 2.60. 

 Hah. Gulf region of United States .... var. p r i n cipal i s . 



White stripe reaching the base of the bill. Scarlet feathers of crest 

 longer than the black. Wing, 9.50 ; culmen, 2.40. Hob. Cuba . var. hairdi} 



2. C. impericdis. No white stripe on the sides of the neck. More white 

 on the wings. Bristly feathers at the base of the bill black. Hah. South 

 Mexico : Guatemala. 



Campeptiilus principalis, Gray. 



IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER. 



Picus priiuipalis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 1766, 173. — Wilson, Am. Orn. IV, 1811, 20, pi. 

 xxxix, f. 6. — Wagler, Syst. Avium, 1827, No. 1. — AuD. Orn. Biog. I, 1832, 341 ; 

 V, 525, pi. Ixvi. — Ib. Bu'ds America, IV, 1842, 214, pi. cclvi. — Sundevall, Consp. 

 Pic. 4. Dendrocopus principalis, Bon. List, 1838. CamiKpMlus principalis. Gray, 

 List Genera, 1840. — Baikd, Birds N. Am. 83. — Cab. & Hein. Mus. Hein. IV, ii, 

 100. — Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 468 (breeds in Brazos and Trinity, Texas). — Gray, Cat. 

 53. — Allen, Birds E. Florida, 301. Dryotomus (Megapicus) principalis, Bon. Con. 

 Zyg. Aten. Ital. 1854, 7. Dryocopus principalis, Bon. Consp. 1850, 132. White-hilled 

 Woodpecker, Catesby, Car. I, 16. — Pennant, Latham. 



Sp. Char. Fourth and fifth quills equal ; third a little shorter. Bill horn-white. 

 Body entirely of a glossy blue-black (glossed with green below) ; a white stripe beginning 

 half an inch posterior to the commissure, and passing down the sides of the neck, and 

 extending down each side of the back. Under wing-coverts, and the entire exposed 

 portion of the secondary quills, with ends of the inner primaries, bristles, and a short 

 stripe at the base of the bill, white. Crest scarlet, upper surface black. Length, 21.00 ; 

 wing, 10.00. Female similar, without any red on the head, and with two spots of white 

 on the end of the outer tail-feather. 



Hab. Southern Atlantic and Gulf States. North to North Carolina and mouth of the 

 Ohio ; west to Arkansas and Eastern Texas. Localities : Brazos and Trinity Rivers, 

 Texas (Dresser, Ibis, 1865, 468, breeds). 



In the male the entire crown (with its elongated feathers) is black. The 

 scarlet commences just above the middle of the eye, and, passing backwards 

 a short distance, widens behind and bends down as far as the level of the 

 under edge of the lower jaw. The feathers which spring from the back of 

 the head are much elongated above ; considerably longer than those of 

 the crown. In the specimen before us the black feathers of the crest do 

 not reach as far back as the scarlet. 



Eeference has already been made to the Cuban variety of the Ivory-billed 



1 CampeiMhcs hairdi, Cassin, Pr. A. N. Sc. 1863, 322 (Cuba). — Gundlach, Repertorium, 

 I, 1866, 293. — Ib. Cab. Jour. 1866, 352. Hab. Cuba. 



