THE BRACHIOPODA OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 151 



with the transverse band, has appeared, but the loop is still unconnected. The cardinal 

 process is well developed and very rugose. The deltidial plates are joined at their 

 posterior extremities, thus defining the peduncular opening, which is round. At this 

 stage the shell has increased considerably in thickness, being quite opaque in the older 

 portions. Its shape is essentially the same as in the adult examples. 



Some difference of opinion appears to exist amongst scientific observers as to the 

 specific identification of this southern form. 



Fischer and Uehlert (1893), in their report on the brachiopods of Cape Horn, 

 figure a number of specimens under the name of Liothyrina nioseleyi, Dav. , a species 

 originally met with at Kerguelen by the Challenger E.Kpedition. Blochmann (190(5), 

 however, having received one of Fischer and Oehlert's specimens from the Paris 

 Museum, refers the Cape Horn shells to L. uva, an identification upon which Dall 

 (1908) throws some doubt, basing his argument chiefly upon differences in temperature. 

 He points out that the type specimen of L. uva, from the Gulf of Tehuantepec, came 

 from water of a high temperature, probably about 65° F., whereas the examples from 

 Cape Horn came from much colder water, viz. between 42° '8-44° "4 F. 



Blochmann, in his later paper (1912), satisfactorily dismisses this argument by 

 calling attention to the range of temperature in other well-known species of brachiopods. 



In this excellent memoir Blochmann also clearly proves, from a careful examination 

 of original examples from Kerguelen and from the Magellanic region, that Fischer and 

 Oehlert's specimens cannot be referred to L. moseleyi on account of important 

 differences in the brachial support and in the composition and arrangement of the 

 spicule. He considers their specimens to be undoubtedly referable to L. uva, to which 

 species he also unhesitatingly refers the Burdwood Bank examples obtained by the 

 Scotia and Swedish South-Polar Expeditions. 



The geographical distribution of L. uva has recently been worked out by the same 

 authority (Blochmann, 1908 and 1912) with the greatest care. 



The original example, upon which Broderip founded the species, was obtained in the 

 Gulf of Tehuantepec attached to a dead valve of Meleagrina ma^'garitifera, at a depth 

 of 10-12 fathoms. 



The type specimen formerly in the Cuming collection is now in the British Museum. 

 This specimen is somewhat abnormally developed, as will be seen by Davidson's figure 

 {Recent Brack., pi. ii. figs. 5-5b). In the same work (pi. ii. figs. 6-6b) Davidson 

 also figures another more normal example from the same place. 



In his report on the Brachiopoda of the Challenger Expedition, Davidson refers 

 to further discoveries of this species as follows : — One dead example (" Chall." Rept., 

 pi. ii. figs. 3-36) trawled in 1 20 fathoms off Twofold i^ay, South-East Australia. A 

 second example (" Chall." Rept., pi. ii. figs. 4-4a), obtained oft" Buenos Ayres, at a depth 

 of GOU fathoms ; bottom temperature, 2°-7 C. A third specimen, or rather two fragments 

 of a dead shell, dredged off Heard Island, near Kerguelen,* in 150 fathoms; bottom 



* Not Heard Island, east of Magellan Straits, as given by Oehlert (1907, 1908). 

 (hoy. soc. kdin. trans., vol. xlviii., 373.) 



