AMPHIPODA OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 175 



It is a pleasure also to mention here my indebtedness to those who have assisted in 

 other ways. I wish particularly to thank Dr E. J. Allen of the Marine Laboratory, 

 Plymouth, for allowing me to make such free use of the facilities offered by the institu- 

 tion under his charge ; without his assistance it would have been impossible to do the 

 work in the time. Dr W. T. Calman of the British Museum, besides sending me co- 

 types of species I required, has assisted me in the examination of others at the Museum 

 itself and by his advice on many difficult points. Professor Woltereck of Leipzig 

 and Dr A. Behning of the Zoological Station at Saratov have most obligingly communi- 

 cated to me some of the results of their examination of the Amphipoda of the German 

 South Polar and other Expeditions, which are as yet unpublished, though in the printer's 

 hands. To Mrs E. W. Sexton I am indebted for the loan of many papers and books 

 that I required, for the keen interest which she has shown in the work during its 

 progress, and for the great care and skill with which she has prepared the drawings of 

 most of the figures for this paper. 



In order to make clear the various references that will be given below, it may be 

 well to state very briefly the growth of our knowledge of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic 

 Amphipoda. That knowledge dates back to the years 1839-40, when three expeditions — 

 the British, French, and American — visited Antarctic seas. The British leader, Sir James 

 C'larke Ross, penetrated very far south in his memorable voyage, and during the 

 expedition several Crustacea were collected, including some Amphipoda. No special 

 report on these Amphipoda was published, but they appear to have been deposited in 

 the British Museum, and several of them were afterwards described by Spence Bate 

 and other writers. The Crustacea collected by the American Expedition were described 

 by J. D. Dana in his well-known work, which forms one of the fundamental treatises 

 for the study of the Crustacea. In it many Amphipoda are included. For many years 

 after 1840 no further advance was made, and there is nothing noteworthy to be recorded 

 until 1874, when several expeditious were sent out to southern seas for the observation 

 of the Transit of Venus, and during these expeditions various collections were made. 

 The Amphipoda of the British Expedition from Kerguelen Island were described by 

 E. J. MiERS, and others collected by the American Expedition by S. I. Smith. The 

 French Expedition spent some time at the Campbell Island, and the Crustacea 

 collected were afterwards described by Henri Filhol in the Mission de I' lie Campbell, 

 in which he also included a general list of the Crustacea of New Zealand. This 

 report was not published till the year 1885, and in the meantime a beginning had 

 been made with the study of the Crustacea of Australia and New Zealand by Professor 

 W. A. Haswell and Mr G. M. Thomson respectively. During the years 1873 to 

 1876 the Challenger Expedition had made numerous collections in sub- Antarctic 

 and a few in Antarctic seas, and these were most fully described and figured by the 

 Rev. T. R. E,. Stebbing in his elaborate report published in 1888. In the same year, 

 but at a slightly earlier date, there was published a report by Dr G. Pfefper on the 

 Amphipoda collected at South Georgia by the German Transit of Venus Expedition of 



(ROY. SOC. EDIN. TRANS., VOL. XLVIII., 457.) 



